Smart cities and enabling technologies : influences on the urban facility management services

The implementation of ICT has impacts on the spatial usage, consumption behaviors, and social interactions, lowered communication cost, and the change in communicating information across space. In Europe many started with the implementation of ICT in cities due to the European initiative of Horizon 2020. As main aim is to become more sustainable cities and s new concept is introduced “Smart City”. Over the time many definitions are generated and keep adding new aspects to the term of Smart City. The main enabler is ICT and many concepts are related to this key element, such as IOT and Big Data. The role of the Facility Management or in this case Urban Facility Management is dependent of in the way that the services are going change with the utilization of ICT to manage information. For this reason, the UFM services are assuredly modifying. These modifications must be analyzed to aid the stakeholders during decision‐making process when implementing a Smart UFM Service. For this a framework shall be composed. Initiating from a case study review of 21 European Smart Cities, the Smart UFM services, technological infrastructure, and innovative contribution are determined. By comparing them some trends and findings are identified. The main 2 Smart Sub‐Domains that are most used in cities are Governance and Mobility. Governance is the core pillar for the Smart City and is imperative for the integration of the services from other Sub‐Domains. The UFM service that is implemented is the Urban Data Sharing, Local Civic Engagement services, Proximity‐based Information Services, and E‐public services. The enabling technologies are for example digital platforms, software, mobile applications, web portals, web sites, etc. For Mobility diverse types of sensors, devices, detectors, various advanced tools, algorithms, mobile apps, web portals, and software are utilized. This enables collection of data from the public transportation, traffic, and parking to provide information of the best travel route, notify free parking spaces, manage traffic lights based on the condition, provide transaction for payment of parking spaces, and more. 3 Other key finding is the installment of sensors on lampposts to create a smart street lighting system. It is recognized to be one of the first smart solution and can provide as backbone for many applications in Smart City. The domain of Education is correlated with the context of the cities of Espoo and Stockholm. Both are cities in which ICT has an important role where many start‐ups and companies has decided to establish there. So, the exchange of knowledge is crucial and the access to information shall be supported. From analyzing the literature and the case studies other findings arise. The IOT process has a crucial role for the Smart UFM services and it is comparable with the conventional information flow of Facility Management process. Also, the ICT role within each of the Smart Sub‐Domains differ from each other basing on 4 criteria; real‐time information, deployment of ICT, public involvement, and tangible assets. Other impacts that should be considered are the stakeholders and the urban areas. Firstly, the stakeholders must take into account of some advantages and disadvantages when the UFM services are carried out that might occur. Th e4 main actors that are considered is (urban) facility manager, government, user, and urban planner. Also, some impacts regarding the urban areas has been found. Mainly some UFM services and the E‐services which effects can be seen in the following 4 aspects; accessibility, transport, land‐use, and travel patterns. All the innovative UFM services are identified and a set of classification and coding for the enabling technologies, UFM services, and E‐services is generated. This will provide and support urban facility managers with guidelines for a registry of all the services encountered in Smart Cities and the tools for the execution. Supporting the decision taking of choosing the services to implement. The database will continue increment by collecting and managing of information of the smart UFM services.