Traditional zoning plan has always been trying to keep consumers satisfied through supplying to meet the peak demand. Although it is difficult to determine the right definition of planning, it is certainly possible to argue that the view of past planning, referring to the many problems that urban parking, and in particular the minimum parking requirements has caused for the society, was not right. Planning does not mean meeting people's demand, but it means balancing the needs of the people on the basis of planned supply. Such a supply does not mean responding to the wishes, but it means managing the proper use of land and urban capacity. Unfortunately, planners today, regardless of the high parking construction and maintenance cost (not only material costs but also social costs i.e. traffic, pollution, degradation of urban aesthetics and, above all, the reduction of population density and affordable housing for all), and only by relying on limited studies, determine the minimum parking required for each urban use in land use regulations, to the extent that sometimes it is impossible for developers to optimally use their piece of land due to the inability to provide the number of parking spaces inserted in the law. Lots of studies done have shown that the removal of the minimum parking required by urban laws (which, in most cases, has been accompanied by a gradual reduction in the required minimum parking and applying a Cap on it), if coincident with the proper management of street parking, not only does not lead to Free Rider problem and the lack of parking provision by developers, but rather by creating a logical picture of the cost of automobile use for citizens, have encouraged them to use public transport, bicycles, and carpooling. At the same time, the proper management of street parking is preventing cars from overflowing and the revenues earned can be used as a sustainable public revenue for meeting the neighborhood’s needs. As distribution of automobiles or their fuel without the market (using the pricing mechanism) is impossible, the distribution of urban parking without market brings a lot of damages as well. Parking pricing does not mean fighting against using cars, it means moderating the use of it, while free parking is a subsidy for driving. Parking pricing does not mean tightening the field and adding to the household's cost, but it means facing with the real cost of car usage and revealing the hidden cost that building parking lots would impose on other goods and services, especially housing. Finally, free-market mechanisms always encourage free choice, creativity, and innovation.
Il piano di zonizzazione tradizionale ha sempre cercato di soddisfare i consumatori attraverso la fornitura per soddisfare la domanda di punta. Sebbene sia difficile determinare la giusta definizione di pianificazione, è certamente possibile sostenere che la visione della pianificazione passata, riferita ai molti problemi che il parcheggio urbano, e in particolare i requisiti minimi di parcheggio hanno causato per la società, non era giusta. Pianificare non significa soddisfare la domanda delle persone, ma significa bilanciare i bisogni delle persone sulla base dell'offerta pianificata. Tale offerta non significa rispondere alla domanda massima, ma significa gestire l'uso corretto della terra e della capacità urbana. Sfortunatamente, i pianificatori oggi, a prescindere dall'elevato costo di costruzione e manutenzione dei parcheggi (non solo i costi materiali ma anche i costi sociali come traffico, inquinamento, degrado dell'estetica urbana e, soprattutto, riduzione della densità abitativa e alloggi a prezzi accessibili per tutti), e solo basandosi su studi limitati, determinare il parcheggio minimo richiesto per ogni uso urbano nei regolamenti sull'uso del suolo, nella misura in cui a volte è impossibile per gli sviluppatori utilizzare in modo ottimale il loro pezzo di terra a causa dell'incapacità di fornire il numero di posti auto inseriti nella legge. Molti studi condotti hanno dimostrato che la rimozione del parcheggio minimo richiesto dalle leggi urbane (che, nella maggior parte dei casi, è stata accompagnata da una graduale riduzione del parcheggio minimo richiesto e dall'applicazione di un Cappuccio su di esso), se concomitante con la corretta gestione di parcheggio in strada, non solo non porta al problema del Free Rider e alla mancanza di spazi di parcheggio da parte degli sviluppatori, ma piuttosto creando un'immagine logica del costo dell'uso dell'automobile per i cittadini, li ha incoraggiati a utilizzare i trasporti pubblici, le biciclette o il carpooling . Allo stesso tempo, la corretta gestione del parcheggio in strada impedisce alle macchine di traboccare e le entrate guadagnate possono essere utilizzate come entrate pubbliche sostenibili per soddisfare le esigenze del quartiere. Poiché la distribuzione di automobili o il loro carburante senza mercato (utilizzando il meccanismo dei prezzi) è impossibile, anche la distribuzione del parcheggio urbano senza mercato causa molti danni. Il prezzo del parcheggio non significa combattere contro l'uso delle auto, significa moderarne l'uso, mentre il parcheggio gratuito è un sussidio per la guida. Il prezzo del parcheggio non significa restringere il campo e aumentare i costi della famiglia, ma significa affrontare il costo reale dell'utilizzo dell'automobile e rivelare il costo nascosto che la costruzione di parcheggi imporrebbe ad altri beni e servizi, in particolare l'edilizia abitativa. Infine, i meccanismi del libero mercato incoraggiano sempre la libera scelta, la creatività e l'innovazione.
Is there a right to park ? Re-discussing the high cost of free parking starting from Shoup
SAFARI FOROUSHANI, SHIRIN
2018/2019
Abstract
Traditional zoning plan has always been trying to keep consumers satisfied through supplying to meet the peak demand. Although it is difficult to determine the right definition of planning, it is certainly possible to argue that the view of past planning, referring to the many problems that urban parking, and in particular the minimum parking requirements has caused for the society, was not right. Planning does not mean meeting people's demand, but it means balancing the needs of the people on the basis of planned supply. Such a supply does not mean responding to the wishes, but it means managing the proper use of land and urban capacity. Unfortunately, planners today, regardless of the high parking construction and maintenance cost (not only material costs but also social costs i.e. traffic, pollution, degradation of urban aesthetics and, above all, the reduction of population density and affordable housing for all), and only by relying on limited studies, determine the minimum parking required for each urban use in land use regulations, to the extent that sometimes it is impossible for developers to optimally use their piece of land due to the inability to provide the number of parking spaces inserted in the law. Lots of studies done have shown that the removal of the minimum parking required by urban laws (which, in most cases, has been accompanied by a gradual reduction in the required minimum parking and applying a Cap on it), if coincident with the proper management of street parking, not only does not lead to Free Rider problem and the lack of parking provision by developers, but rather by creating a logical picture of the cost of automobile use for citizens, have encouraged them to use public transport, bicycles, and carpooling. At the same time, the proper management of street parking is preventing cars from overflowing and the revenues earned can be used as a sustainable public revenue for meeting the neighborhood’s needs. As distribution of automobiles or their fuel without the market (using the pricing mechanism) is impossible, the distribution of urban parking without market brings a lot of damages as well. Parking pricing does not mean fighting against using cars, it means moderating the use of it, while free parking is a subsidy for driving. Parking pricing does not mean tightening the field and adding to the household's cost, but it means facing with the real cost of car usage and revealing the hidden cost that building parking lots would impose on other goods and services, especially housing. Finally, free-market mechanisms always encourage free choice, creativity, and innovation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2018_12_ Safari Foroushani.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Thesis text
Dimensione
2.67 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.67 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/143787