In this thesis, a methodology of approach for the fire risk assessment in limited height buildings with ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) façade is presented and discussed. After an analysis of the state of the art of the regulations in different countries, it is evaluated if a matrix approach, adopted for example by the United States for tall buildings, can be taken as a reference for a fire risk assessment even in reduced height buildings. The proposed methodology identifies the parameters referring, in addition to the general principles of Fire Safety Engineering, to the possible fire scenarios for the façade and to the technological system behaviour. The behaviour can be determined both through the study of statistical data related to past events, and through experimental observation. In general, regulation refers to tests performed on different scale specimens, but small-scale tests may not be representative of the real case. Unable to execute large-scale tests for each specimen with ETICS, an intermediate-scale methodology has been developed, testing ETICS made with different insulation materials. The proposed evaluation process highlights the consequences of the designer choices, associating changes in the level of risk to them. The final part of the process, related to the façade system, is integrated with design proposals. At the moment, the study has been limited to buildings up to 18 meters and with ETICS, for which, frequently, fire risk is not considered as a significant variable during façade design. The thesis has been developed in collaboration with FSC Engineering Srl and with LS-Fire Testing Institute within the project EFRE-1060 “Innotechalp” WP3 promoted by IDM Südtoriol.
In questo elaborato di tesi viene presentata e discussa una metodologia di approccio per valutare il rischio di incendio in edifici di altezza limitata con sistema di facciata “a cappotto”. Dopo un’analisi dello stato dell’arte delle normative presenti in diversi Paesi, si valuta se un approccio matriciale, adottato ad esempio dagli Stati Uniti per edifici alti, può essere preso come riferimento per una valutazione del rischio incendio anche in edifici di altezza ridotta. La metodologia proposta individua i parametri facendo riferimento, oltre che ai principi generali della Fire Safety Engineering, agli scenari di incendio possibili per la facciata e al comportamento del sistema tecnologico in essa presente. Tale comportamento può essere determinato sia attraverso lo studio dei dati statistici relativi agli eventi passati, sia attraverso l’osservazione sperimentale. In generale le normative fanno riferimento a test eseguiti su provini a diversa scala, ma i test di piccola scala possono non essere rappresentativi del caso reale. Nell’impossibilità di testare tutte le tipologie di cappotto a grande scala, è stata messa a punto una metodologia a scala intermedia, testando sistemi a cappotto realizzati con diversi materiali isolanti. Il processo di valutazione proposto evidenzia le conseguenze delle scelte operate dal progettista associando a esse variazioni del livello di rischio. La parte finale del processo, relativa al sistema di facciata, è integrata con proposte progettuali. Per il momento, lo studio è stato limitato a edifici con altezza fino a 18 metri e con sistema cappotto, per i quali, frequentemente, il rischio incendio non è considerato come variabile significativa durante la progettazione della facciata. La tesi è stata sviluppata in collaborazione con FSC Engineering Srl e con il laboratorio LS-Fire Testing Institute nell’ambito del progetto EFRE-1060 “Innotechalp” WP3 promosso dall’IDM Südtoriol.
Il rischio incendio in edifici con facciata termo-isolata a cappotto. Scenari, sperimentazione e valutazione del rischio
CANZANI, PAOLO
2017/2018
Abstract
In this thesis, a methodology of approach for the fire risk assessment in limited height buildings with ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) façade is presented and discussed. After an analysis of the state of the art of the regulations in different countries, it is evaluated if a matrix approach, adopted for example by the United States for tall buildings, can be taken as a reference for a fire risk assessment even in reduced height buildings. The proposed methodology identifies the parameters referring, in addition to the general principles of Fire Safety Engineering, to the possible fire scenarios for the façade and to the technological system behaviour. The behaviour can be determined both through the study of statistical data related to past events, and through experimental observation. In general, regulation refers to tests performed on different scale specimens, but small-scale tests may not be representative of the real case. Unable to execute large-scale tests for each specimen with ETICS, an intermediate-scale methodology has been developed, testing ETICS made with different insulation materials. The proposed evaluation process highlights the consequences of the designer choices, associating changes in the level of risk to them. The final part of the process, related to the façade system, is integrated with design proposals. At the moment, the study has been limited to buildings up to 18 meters and with ETICS, for which, frequently, fire risk is not considered as a significant variable during façade design. The thesis has been developed in collaboration with FSC Engineering Srl and with LS-Fire Testing Institute within the project EFRE-1060 “Innotechalp” WP3 promoted by IDM Südtoriol.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2018_12_Canzani.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/143934