The vehicles' vibrations attenuation has a great interest in several fields of engineering; vibration is often related to performance degradation, vehicle comfort reduction, structural damages and health problems. This work describes the results of tests and numerical investigation performed to assess the hand-arm vibration exposure of motocross drivers and to quantify its dependence from the handlebars and the steering plates characteristics. The study is focused on the hand-arm vibration transmitted through the front suspensions, in particular the lower plate, the steering plate and the handlebar. Two main aspects are investigated: the structural analysis of the lower and upper plates and the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of several combinations of handlebar-steering plates. Two set of structural analyses are performed: at first, the finite element method is applied to evaluate the stiffness of the components; the second group of simulations is performed to identify the position of strain gauges. Sensors are located on the upper and lower plates during on-field tests. The strain analysis showed that the worst conditions occur after jumps (400-600µε); while the strain level acting during turnings and straights is around 100µε and 150µε respectively. Finally, the loads on the wheel axis are estimated basing on the worst conditions identified by the strain analysis. The main load acting on the two plates is generated by the longitudinal force. The dynamic behaviour of the steering plate-handlebar system is evaluated by measuring the vibrations transmitted to the driver on a single track in different experimental sessions, with two drivers and two different motorbikes. The weighted vibration level along the fork axis ranges between 8 and 12 m/s^2; the vibration is dominant along the z-axis. Two types of laboratory tests were performed, to quantify the effect of different materials by investigating the vibration transmissibility and the impedance of thirty different combinations between handlebars mount and handlebar. A preliminary evaluation of the transmissibility along the vertical and the longitudinal direction is performed by means of hammer test. Then, the results are verified by means of an electrodynamic shaker test. In addition to the vibration transmissibility, each subject was required to report a subjective evaluation of comfort of twenty handlebar-steering plate combinations. Both objectives and subjective results evidence the limited effect of the anti-vibrating handlebars mount and handlebars.
Lo studio delle vibrazioni e la loro attenuazione nei veicoli è un tema di grande interesse nel campo ingegneristico; le vibrazioni possono spesso causare riduzione delle performance e del comfort, danni strutturali e problemi di salute. Il presente lavoro descrive i risultati di test e di analisi numeriche svolte allo scopo di valutare l'esposizione del sistema mano-braccio alle vibrazioni e di determinarne la dipendenza dai manubri e dalle piastre di sterzo. Lo studio si focalizza sulle vibrazioni trasmesse al sistema mano-braccio dalla sospensione anteriore, in particolare si analizzano la piastra di sterzo, la piastra inferiore e il manubrio. Due aspetti principali sono analizzati: l'analisi strutturale delle piastre inferiore e superiore e l'analisi del comportamento dinamico di diverse combinazioni di piastre di sterzo e manubri. Sono stati effettuati due set di analisi strutturale: inizialmente, si applica il metodo agli elementi finiti per valutare la rigidezza dei componenti; il secondo gruppo di simulazioni sono state svolte per identificare la posizione degli estensimetri. I sensori sono posizionati sulla piastra superiore e inferiore durante i test sul campo. L'analisi delle deformazioni mostra che la condizione peggiore si verifica durante i salti (400-600µε); mentre durante le curve e i rettilinei il livello di deformazione è rispettivamente attorno ai 100µε e 150µε. Infine, i carichi sull'asse della ruota sono individuati basandosi sulle condizioni peggiori identificate dall'analisi delle deformazioni. I carichi preponderanti risultano essere quelli longitudinali. Il comportamento dinamico del sistema piastra-manubrio si valuta misurando le vibrazioni trasmesse al pilota su un singolo circuito in diverse sessioni di test, con due diversi piloti e due diverse moto. Il livello di vibrazione ponderata lungo l'asse della forcella è compreso tra 8 e 12 m/s^2; la componente di vibrazione dominante risulta essere quella lungo l'asse z. Due tipi di test sono eseguiti in laboratorio per valutare l'effetto di diversi materiali determinando la trasmissibilità e l'impedenza di trenta combinazioni tra manubri e supporti. Una valutazione iniziale delle trasmissibilità lungo la direzione verticale e longitudinale è eseguita attraverso gli hammer test. Successivamente, i risultati sono verificati con uno shaker elettrodinamico. In aggiunta alla valuazione di trasmissibilità, ad ogni candidato è stato chiesto di valutare il comfort di venti combinazioni di manubri e piastre. Sia i risultati oggettivi sia i risulati soggettivi evidenziano un limitato effetto di smorzamento dei manubri e dei supporti.
Hand-arm vibration in motocross. Effectiveness of handlebar and handlebar mounts
GAUDIO, ILARIA
2017/2018
Abstract
The vehicles' vibrations attenuation has a great interest in several fields of engineering; vibration is often related to performance degradation, vehicle comfort reduction, structural damages and health problems. This work describes the results of tests and numerical investigation performed to assess the hand-arm vibration exposure of motocross drivers and to quantify its dependence from the handlebars and the steering plates characteristics. The study is focused on the hand-arm vibration transmitted through the front suspensions, in particular the lower plate, the steering plate and the handlebar. Two main aspects are investigated: the structural analysis of the lower and upper plates and the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of several combinations of handlebar-steering plates. Two set of structural analyses are performed: at first, the finite element method is applied to evaluate the stiffness of the components; the second group of simulations is performed to identify the position of strain gauges. Sensors are located on the upper and lower plates during on-field tests. The strain analysis showed that the worst conditions occur after jumps (400-600µε); while the strain level acting during turnings and straights is around 100µε and 150µε respectively. Finally, the loads on the wheel axis are estimated basing on the worst conditions identified by the strain analysis. The main load acting on the two plates is generated by the longitudinal force. The dynamic behaviour of the steering plate-handlebar system is evaluated by measuring the vibrations transmitted to the driver on a single track in different experimental sessions, with two drivers and two different motorbikes. The weighted vibration level along the fork axis ranges between 8 and 12 m/s^2; the vibration is dominant along the z-axis. Two types of laboratory tests were performed, to quantify the effect of different materials by investigating the vibration transmissibility and the impedance of thirty different combinations between handlebars mount and handlebar. A preliminary evaluation of the transmissibility along the vertical and the longitudinal direction is performed by means of hammer test. Then, the results are verified by means of an electrodynamic shaker test. In addition to the vibration transmissibility, each subject was required to report a subjective evaluation of comfort of twenty handlebar-steering plate combinations. Both objectives and subjective results evidence the limited effect of the anti-vibrating handlebars mount and handlebars.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144037