This work presents the experimental analysis of an Organic Renkine Cycle (ORC) equipped with sliding-vane machines, for waste heat recovery from a big size rotary vane compressor. Two working fluids (R236fa and R1233zd) and three expanders (M100B and M100A with and without rings) are tested. The first part of the experimental campaign allows to optimize the axial clearances of the machine and the height of the vanes semiholes which are set to 0.05 mm and 17% of vane thickness respectively. The second part of the experimental campaign allows to characterize the two working fluids and the influence that the expander rotational speed has on the cycle thermodynamic. The results suggest that the forced passage from R236fa to R1233zd is negative for heat exchanging but allows for lower pressures and so safer conditions. The expander rotational speed does not have any important effect on the cycle thermodynamic but just on the device performances. With M100B expander and R1233zd a maximum net power of 2.8 kW with an efficiency of 7.89% was reached. In the final part of the experimental campaign, two expanders with same dimensions (M100A) but the first equipped with two rings for vanes control whereas the secons isn’t, are compared. The device with rings has a lower mechanical efficiency than that of the other machine while no deep differences are highlighted for the isentropic efficiency. At the optimum for both the technologies (around 1900 rpm) the mechanical efficiency is 69.9% and 78.8% while the total efficiency is 62.7% and 70.8% for the machine with rings and for that without rings respectively. The obtained results are exploited for the design of a 10 kW power plant. A numerical study is carried out on an existing code for the reconstruction of the indicated diagram. The code is enhanced in order to work with both expanders and compressors. The past issues linked with cycles cutting are overtaken with a new modified and more rigorous methodology for cutting. A final experimental campaign is carried out on a steam expander using compressed air as working fluid. The experimental campaign has underlined issues in the managing of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil supply system is downsized and tested with good results.
Il presente elaborato mostra lo studio sperimentale di un Organic Renkine Cycle (ORC) equipaggiato con macchine volumetriche a palette, per il recupero del calore di scarto. La campagna sperimentale è svolta con due diversi fluidi di lavoro (R236fa e R1233zd) e tre espansori (M100B e M100A con e senza anelli). La prima parte della campagna permette di ottimizzare la dimensione dei giochi assiali, fissati a 0.05 mm, e quella dei semifori delle palette, fissati al 17% del loro spessore. La seconda parte della campagna sperimentale caratterizza i due fluidi di lavoro e l’ effetto della velocità di rotazione dell’ espansore sul ciclo termodinamico. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che il passaggio forzato da R236fa a R1233zd è negativo a livello di scambio termico ma positivo per la sicurezza e la durata dell’impianto in quanto permette di operare con pressioni inferiori. La velocità di rotazione dell’ espansore invece, non ha effetti significativi sulla termodinamica del ciclo ma li ha sulle prestazioni della macchina. Con M100B e R1233zd si raggiunge un recupero netto di 2.8 kWmech con efficienza pari a 7.89%. L’ultima parte della campagna sperimentale confronta le performance di due macchine con medesime dimensioni (M100A) ma una monta due anelli per il controllo delle palette, mentre l’ altra ne è priva. La macchina con anelli presenta un rendimento meccanico inferiore di quella senza, mentre non si evidenziano grosse differenze a livello di rendimento isoentropico. Nel punto di ottimo per le due tecnologie (intorno ai 1900 rpm) si ha un efficienza meccanica di 69.9% e di 78.8% e un rendimento totale di 62.7% e di 70.8% in favore della macchina senza anelli. I risultati ottenuti sono utilizzati per il design di un impianto da 10 kWel. Uno studio numerico è realizzato su un codice esistente per la ricostruzione del ciclo indicato. Il codice è ampliato per poter essere utilizzato sia per compressori che per espansori. Il maggiore problema del precedente codice era legato al taglio dei cicli ottenuti dai sensori piezoelettrici. Un metodo più rigoroso e preciso, che ovvia a questo problema, viene implementato. Una campagna sperimentale finale è svolta su un espansore a vapore utilizzando aria compressa come fluido di lavoro. Il sistema di iniezione dell’ olio viene ridimensionato e i successivi test danno i risultati sperati.
Experimental investigation and indicated diagram reconstruction of sliding-vane expanders for steam and organic fluids
MANFREDA, PASQUALE PIO
2017/2018
Abstract
This work presents the experimental analysis of an Organic Renkine Cycle (ORC) equipped with sliding-vane machines, for waste heat recovery from a big size rotary vane compressor. Two working fluids (R236fa and R1233zd) and three expanders (M100B and M100A with and without rings) are tested. The first part of the experimental campaign allows to optimize the axial clearances of the machine and the height of the vanes semiholes which are set to 0.05 mm and 17% of vane thickness respectively. The second part of the experimental campaign allows to characterize the two working fluids and the influence that the expander rotational speed has on the cycle thermodynamic. The results suggest that the forced passage from R236fa to R1233zd is negative for heat exchanging but allows for lower pressures and so safer conditions. The expander rotational speed does not have any important effect on the cycle thermodynamic but just on the device performances. With M100B expander and R1233zd a maximum net power of 2.8 kW with an efficiency of 7.89% was reached. In the final part of the experimental campaign, two expanders with same dimensions (M100A) but the first equipped with two rings for vanes control whereas the secons isn’t, are compared. The device with rings has a lower mechanical efficiency than that of the other machine while no deep differences are highlighted for the isentropic efficiency. At the optimum for both the technologies (around 1900 rpm) the mechanical efficiency is 69.9% and 78.8% while the total efficiency is 62.7% and 70.8% for the machine with rings and for that without rings respectively. The obtained results are exploited for the design of a 10 kW power plant. A numerical study is carried out on an existing code for the reconstruction of the indicated diagram. The code is enhanced in order to work with both expanders and compressors. The past issues linked with cycles cutting are overtaken with a new modified and more rigorous methodology for cutting. A final experimental campaign is carried out on a steam expander using compressed air as working fluid. The experimental campaign has underlined issues in the managing of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil supply system is downsized and tested with good results.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144153