Vapour compression systems are widely used in domestic and industrial refrigerating application. Although in the last few years the technological development focused on the improvement of new type of compressors, reciprocating compressors retain a certain importance, thanks to the fact that they are used in heat pump and in particular applications based on CO2 trans-crytical cycle. The aim of this thesis is to suggest a semi-empirical model able to simulate the functioning of a semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor. In particular, the proposed model allow to obtain a reliable estimation of some physical quantities, namely the electric power absorbed by the compressor, the refrigerant mass flow rate and the discharge temperature of the fluid , starting from some simple information always available during the design phase. In order to obtain these results, the entire compression process is broken down in several simple sub-processes able to reproduce as faithfully as possible all the thermodynamic transformations experienced by the refrigerant inside the compressor, from the suction point to the discharge one. The target of the optimization procedure is to identify the optimal values of the parameters defined during the model design phase. This optimization works by the minimization of the difference between the output computed by the proposed model and the values obtained during two different experimental campaigns conducted on a semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor working with the refrigerant R134a. Finally, a detailed analysis of the power balance and of the effect of some sub-processes on the volumetric efficiency was carried out. The obtained results are very satisfactory and are very similar to those found in the last research conducted on different type of compressor (screw, scroll, rolling piston). In particular, the most reliable estimation regards the power absorbed by the device, which error falls in the range of _2% for all the analyzed points. The estimation of the refrigerant mass flow rate presents values similar to that obtained for the absorbed power, except for one single point in which the error is anyway less than 4%. On the other hand, the estimation ofdischarge fluid temperature is less precise and presents a difference between the computed value and the measured one between -2,5K and +4K, similar to the last models found in literature for this type of compressor
I sistemi di refrigerazione a compressione di vapore sono ampiamente utilizzati in ambito domestico ed industriale. Sebbene negli ultimi anni lo sviluppo tecnologico ha portato al perfezionamento di nuovi tipi di compressori, i compressori alternativi a pistoni mantengono una certa importanza, grazie anche al loro utilizzo nelle pompe di calore e in particolari applicazioni basate su cicli trans-critici a CO2. L0obiettivo di questa tesi é quello di proporre un modello in grado di simulare il funzionamento di un compressore alternativo semi-ermetico. In particolare, il modello sviluppato permette di ottenere, partendo da un numero ridotto di informazioni solitamente note in fase di progettazione, una stima affidabile di grandezze quali la portata di refrigerante circolante, la potenza elettrica assorbita e la temperatura del fluido allo scarico del compressore. Per riuscire ad ottenere quanto descritto é stato necessario suddividere l0intero processo di compressione in una serie di subprocessi semplici ma in grado di riprodurre il piú fedelmente possibile tutte le trasformazioni termodinamiche subite dal fluido all0interno del compressore. La procedura di ottimizzazione é mirata all0individuazione dei valori ottimali di un set di parametri definiti durante la fase di progettazione del modello. Questa ottimizzazione si basa sulla minimizzazione della differenza tra le grandezze calcolate dal modello e quelle ottenute da due differenti campagne sperimentali condotte su di un compressore alternativo semi-ermetico in cui il fluido di lavoro é il refrigerante R134a. Alla fine di questa ricerca, infine, é stata condotta un0analisi approfondita del bilancio delle potenze in gioco e dell0effetto di alcuni processi modellizzati sull0efficienza volumetrica del compressore. I risultati ottenuti sono molto soddisfacenti e sono in linea con i modelli piú avanzati sviluppati per altri tipi di compressore. In particolare, la stima piú attendibile riguarda la potenza assorbita dal compressore, per cui l0errore é compreso nel range _2%. Anche la stima della portata di refrigerante presenta una precisione simile a quella della potenza assorbita, fatta eccezione per ununico punto sperimentale in cui l0errore é comunque inferiore al 4%. Meno precisa é invece la stima della temperatura del fluido allo scarico, per cui il valore calcolato del modello differisce da quello misurato di una quantitá compresa tra i -2,5K e i +4K, risultato simile a quello degli ultimi modelli sviluppati per questo tipo di compressore.
Development and validation of a semi-empirical model for semi-heremtic reciprocating compressors
FRIGERIO, DAMIANO
2017/2018
Abstract
Vapour compression systems are widely used in domestic and industrial refrigerating application. Although in the last few years the technological development focused on the improvement of new type of compressors, reciprocating compressors retain a certain importance, thanks to the fact that they are used in heat pump and in particular applications based on CO2 trans-crytical cycle. The aim of this thesis is to suggest a semi-empirical model able to simulate the functioning of a semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor. In particular, the proposed model allow to obtain a reliable estimation of some physical quantities, namely the electric power absorbed by the compressor, the refrigerant mass flow rate and the discharge temperature of the fluid , starting from some simple information always available during the design phase. In order to obtain these results, the entire compression process is broken down in several simple sub-processes able to reproduce as faithfully as possible all the thermodynamic transformations experienced by the refrigerant inside the compressor, from the suction point to the discharge one. The target of the optimization procedure is to identify the optimal values of the parameters defined during the model design phase. This optimization works by the minimization of the difference between the output computed by the proposed model and the values obtained during two different experimental campaigns conducted on a semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor working with the refrigerant R134a. Finally, a detailed analysis of the power balance and of the effect of some sub-processes on the volumetric efficiency was carried out. The obtained results are very satisfactory and are very similar to those found in the last research conducted on different type of compressor (screw, scroll, rolling piston). In particular, the most reliable estimation regards the power absorbed by the device, which error falls in the range of _2% for all the analyzed points. The estimation of the refrigerant mass flow rate presents values similar to that obtained for the absorbed power, except for one single point in which the error is anyway less than 4%. On the other hand, the estimation ofdischarge fluid temperature is less precise and presents a difference between the computed value and the measured one between -2,5K and +4K, similar to the last models found in literature for this type of compressorFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144159