The rotogravure printing process on plastic films requires the use of inks which contain organic solvents capable of conferring and adjusting the printing properties. These volatile solvents are forced to evaporate both inside the drying hoods of the printing machines and by natural evaporation at room temperature from the colour drums arranged along the printing machines. The airborne solvent which is not immediately captured by localized exhaust ventilation is dispersed in the work environment, causing pollution. The European Directive 2017/164 has fixed a 50% reduction of the current occupational exposure limits to ethyl acetate, which is the solvent most used in Italy in rotogravure printing inks. Companies which deal with printing on plastic films are thus urged to prioritize the monitoring and the management of emissive sources of ethyl acetate in the workplace. This study proposes a method to predict the pollutant concentrations in the workplace and, from these, the workers' daily exposure and risk index, using a box model. The study includes the estimation of the sources of airborne solvent and the measure of the concentrations of ethyl acetate in selected positions, during the greatest number of work configurations and machine parameters. The analysis of the data, then, allowed to identify the influence of the machine parameters on the amount of dispersed solvent in the workplace and to express this quantity in terms of regression equations. These relationships have been included in a box model inspired by the 2-box model with localized exhaust ventilation system proposed by Ganser and Hewett (2017). The model was built considering the geometry and the activities of the workplace. Starting from the operating parameters, the model can predict the trend of concentrations. Then, the daily exposure of workers can be estimated by means of time integration of the concentration curves. Using this quantity and considering the time spent by the workers on each selected box, it is possible to estimate and to control the risk index associated with the various processes with different operative parameters as the ratio between the daily exposure and the TLV-TWA limit value.
Il processo di stampa rotocalco su film plastici richiede l’utilizzo di inchiostri contenenti solventi organici in grado di conferire e regolare le proprietà di stampa. Questi solventi volatili evaporano sia forzatamente all’interno delle cappe di asciugatura degli elementi di stampa, sia per evaporazione naturale a temperatura ambiente dai fusti di colore disposti lungo le macchine del reparto. Il solvente aerodisperso che non viene immediatamente captato dalle aspirazioni localizzate si disperde nell’ambiente di lavoro, inquinandolo. La Direttiva Europea 2017/164 ha imposto una riduzione del 50% degli attuali limiti di esposizione professionale ad acetato di etile, il solvente più utilizzato in Italia per gli inchiostri della stampa rotocalco. Le aziende che si occupano di stampa su film plastici sono spinte, così, a dare priorità al monitoraggio e alla gestione delle sorgenti emissive di acetato di etile nei luoghi di lavoro. Questo studio propone un metodo per predire le concentrazioni di inquinante nel reparto e per stimare, da queste, l’esposizione giornaliera e l’indice di rischio dei lavoratori mediante un modello matematico a zone. Il lavoro ha previsto la stima delle sorgenti inquinanti e la puntuale misura della concentrazione di acetato di etile in posizioni selezionate, durante il maggior numero di configurazioni di lavoro e di parametri di macchina. L’analisi dei dati ha poi permesso di individuare l’influenza dei parametri di macchina sulla quantità di solvente disperso in reparto e di esprimerla in termini di equazioni di regressione. Queste relazioni sono state inserite in modelli di scambio di materia a zone, ispirati a quelli a due zone con sistemi di aspirazione localizzata proposti da Ganser e Hewett (2017). I modelli sono stati costruiti tenendo conto della geometria e delle dinamiche di lavoro del reparto. Essi sono in grado di prevedere, a partire dai parametri operativi di macchina, l’andamento delle concentrazioni, da cui stimare, mediante integrazione nel tempo delle curve, l’esposizione dei lavoratori mediata sulle 8 ore lavorative. Servendosi di questa quantità e tenendo conto del tempo trascorso dai lavoratori in ciascuno dei punti descritti è possibile stimare e controllare l’indice di rischio associato alle diverse lavorazioni come rapporto fra esposizione giornaliera e valore limite TLV-TWA.
Analisi sperimentale e modellistica delle emissioni di acetato di etile in un reparto di stampa rotocalco
BRUNO, CLAUDIA
2017/2018
Abstract
The rotogravure printing process on plastic films requires the use of inks which contain organic solvents capable of conferring and adjusting the printing properties. These volatile solvents are forced to evaporate both inside the drying hoods of the printing machines and by natural evaporation at room temperature from the colour drums arranged along the printing machines. The airborne solvent which is not immediately captured by localized exhaust ventilation is dispersed in the work environment, causing pollution. The European Directive 2017/164 has fixed a 50% reduction of the current occupational exposure limits to ethyl acetate, which is the solvent most used in Italy in rotogravure printing inks. Companies which deal with printing on plastic films are thus urged to prioritize the monitoring and the management of emissive sources of ethyl acetate in the workplace. This study proposes a method to predict the pollutant concentrations in the workplace and, from these, the workers' daily exposure and risk index, using a box model. The study includes the estimation of the sources of airborne solvent and the measure of the concentrations of ethyl acetate in selected positions, during the greatest number of work configurations and machine parameters. The analysis of the data, then, allowed to identify the influence of the machine parameters on the amount of dispersed solvent in the workplace and to express this quantity in terms of regression equations. These relationships have been included in a box model inspired by the 2-box model with localized exhaust ventilation system proposed by Ganser and Hewett (2017). The model was built considering the geometry and the activities of the workplace. Starting from the operating parameters, the model can predict the trend of concentrations. Then, the daily exposure of workers can be estimated by means of time integration of the concentration curves. Using this quantity and considering the time spent by the workers on each selected box, it is possible to estimate and to control the risk index associated with the various processes with different operative parameters as the ratio between the daily exposure and the TLV-TWA limit value.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2018_12_Bruno.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
4.05 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.05 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144363