Renewable Energy Sources are a topic of common discourse worldwide, even though the status quo is different for each country. Analyzing the specificities for local markets adds an- other dimension of complexity. These country "specificities" lie not so much in the adoption of different technologies, but, for example, in the aptitude of the territory for each particular RES; the consequent uneven devel- opment of different RES in different countries; the uniqueness of the country, including the degree of state interventionism in conceding subsidies, the state of the local economy and the trends that are affecting it in that particular moment (for exam- ple a consolidation of the market). The success of RES in a country depends from each of these factors and many more. The scope of this thesis is in fact to give an overview of the state of the supply chain of the renewable energy sector in Italy at the end of 2017. The supply chain has been studied along two main dimen- sions: • The stage The role that the economic player has in the supply chain. Some examples are producer, distributor or seller. • Renewable Energy Source (RES) Each renewable energy source has a different supply chain. In particular, we analyzed in greater detail photovoltaic and wind-power. With a lower level of detail, we expanded the subject related to hydro-power and biomass. We leveraged the merger of a university and an industry as- sociation database to select a representative sample for the pop- ulation. The analysis was done aggregating economic indica- tors and individual company’s researches, done amongst the other through institutional websites, industry journals and ex- ecutives’ interviews. The output is the current state of the renewable sector in Italy. Renewables are recovering from the doping mechanism of incentives, which essentially means cleansing the market from the inefficient players. This fact is leading to a consolidation trend within the industry. The big picture is diverse: each stage of each RES has its own peculiar characteristics. One of notable trends that we want to underline is that in Italy the Prosumer model, where a company is able to satisfy part of its energy needs, has some success stories in heavy man- ufacturing, which demonstrate the possibility to invest with good financial returns in renewables. Another one is that there is still a market for new installa- tions, but there are also huge business opportunities for the ac- quisition of old plants which will be then made more efficient through the expertise of the acquiring company. Finally, the RES that are getting more traction are photo- voltaic and wind power, also through the development of in- teresting business models around the O&M area. The work consists of five chapters and it is structured as fol- lows: 1. Introduction In this chapter we will zoom out to understand what is the role of energy in our society. We will also explore the why of renewables, their recent history and the threat of climate change. 2. RES In this chapter we will perform an analysis of renewable technologies divided by energy sources. More space will be given to photovoltaic and wind-power. 3. Methodology In this chapter we will introduce the methodology utililized for our work, starting from the rules for refining our ini- tial sample to the changes in the approach that we had to take during our empirical activity. 4. Results In this chapter we will present the output of our work pre- sented by cluster. The cluster are made intersecting RES and stage of the supply chain. There will be case studies that details how in practice these business models func- tion. 5. Conclusion and Future Trends We will wrap up the work and we will put forward some interesting trends that are going to affect the Utilities in- dustry.
Le Energie Rinnovabili sono un argomento frequentemento dis- cusso in tutto il mondo, anche se lo status quo varia da paese a paese. Tuttavia, ci viene dato spesso un quadro generale che non tiene conto delle specificità locali, le quali aggiungono un’altra dimensione di complessità. Queste "specificità" locali di cui si parla non risiedono tanto nel tasso di adozione delle differenti tecnologie preso come cifra a sè stante, ma piuttosto nella predisposizione di ciascun territorio per ciascuna fonte rinnovabile; il quindi conseguente grado di sviluppo per ciascun paese; il grado di unicità di cias- cun paese nel lasciare che lo stato intervenga nel promuovere con incentivi questo tipo di tecnologie; lo stato dell’economia locale e i trend che stanno influendo su di esso,... Il successo di una RES dipende da questi e molti altri fattori. Scopo di questa tesi è proprio dare un quadro generale dello stato della catena del valore nel settore delle rinnovabili in Italia, preso alla fine del 2017. La filiera è stata studiata su due dimensioni: • Il Ruolo Il ruolo che l’attore economico gioca nella catena del val- ore. Per esempio, un produttore, un distributore o un ven- ditore di energia rinnovabile. • La fonte di energia rinnovabile (RES). Ogni RES ha una filiera strutturata differentemente. Ab- biamo analizzato con maggior dettaglio il fotovoltaico e l’eolico. Abbiamo espanso la ricerca con minor dettaglita su idroelettrico e biomassa. Abbiamo sfruttato l’unione di un database universitario e un database di un’associazione relativa alle energie rinnovabili al fine di selezionare un campione rappresentativo per l’intera popolazione. L’elaborazione di questi dati è stata fatta agreg- gando indicatori economici, ricerca di aziende singole, siti in- stituzionali, siti e giornali di industria e interviste ad executive riportate in queste fonti. L’output è la visione dello stato dell’energie rinnovabili in Italia. A grandi linee, è un settore che si sta riprendendo dall’effetto "doping" degli incentivi e sta attraversando una fase di razion- alizzazione e consolidazione del mercato. Tuttavia, è opportuno osservare ciascuna fonte rinnovabile in dettaglio in quanto pre- senta caratteristiche differenti dalle altre. Alcuni trend che vogliamo sottolineare sono l’emergenze del modello Prosumer, dove aziende manifatturiere dimostrano che è possibile investire in rinnovabili per soddisfare parte del loro fabbisogno energetico con un buon ritorno sull’investimento. Un altro importante trend è la forza del mercato secondario per l’acquisizione di vecchi impianti e il loro conseguente effi- cientamento reso possibile dall’azienda acquirente. Ultimo, le tecnologie che stanno ricevendo maggior atten- zione in Italia sono fotovoltaico e eolico, attraverso sviluppo di interessanti modelli di business incentrati sull’Operation&Maintenance. Il lavoro è strutturato in cinque capitoli come segue: • Introduzione In questo capitolo introdurremo il ruolo dell’energia nella nostra società moderna. Esploreremo anche il perchè delle rinnovabili, la loro storia recente e la minaccia del cambi- amento climatico. • RES In questo capitolo, faremo un’analisi di ciascuna fonte rinnovabile a livello tecnologico e di diffusione. Maggior spazio sarà dato al fotovoltaico e all’eolico. • Metodologia In questo capitolo introduceremo la metodologia utiliz- zata per il nostro lavoro, iniziando dalle regole per rifinire il campione iniziale, fino ai cambiamenti applicati al nos- tro framework di ricerca che sono stati presi durante l’attività empirica. • Risultati In questo capitolo presenteremo l’output del nostro la- voro, attraverso la presentazione di ciascun cluster. Questi cluster sono stati individuati attraverso l’intersezione tra fonte rinnovabile e ruolo giocato nella catena del valore. Mostreremo casi studio su aziende reali per alcuni di questi segmenti. • Conclusione e Trend Futuri In questo capitolo concluderemo il lavoro e presenteremo ulteriori spunti di ricerca su trend che stanno influen- zando il mondo delle utilities.
State of the renewable supply chain in the Italian market
VIMERCATI, EDOARDO
2017/2018
Abstract
Renewable Energy Sources are a topic of common discourse worldwide, even though the status quo is different for each country. Analyzing the specificities for local markets adds an- other dimension of complexity. These country "specificities" lie not so much in the adoption of different technologies, but, for example, in the aptitude of the territory for each particular RES; the consequent uneven devel- opment of different RES in different countries; the uniqueness of the country, including the degree of state interventionism in conceding subsidies, the state of the local economy and the trends that are affecting it in that particular moment (for exam- ple a consolidation of the market). The success of RES in a country depends from each of these factors and many more. The scope of this thesis is in fact to give an overview of the state of the supply chain of the renewable energy sector in Italy at the end of 2017. The supply chain has been studied along two main dimen- sions: • The stage The role that the economic player has in the supply chain. Some examples are producer, distributor or seller. • Renewable Energy Source (RES) Each renewable energy source has a different supply chain. In particular, we analyzed in greater detail photovoltaic and wind-power. With a lower level of detail, we expanded the subject related to hydro-power and biomass. We leveraged the merger of a university and an industry as- sociation database to select a representative sample for the pop- ulation. The analysis was done aggregating economic indica- tors and individual company’s researches, done amongst the other through institutional websites, industry journals and ex- ecutives’ interviews. The output is the current state of the renewable sector in Italy. Renewables are recovering from the doping mechanism of incentives, which essentially means cleansing the market from the inefficient players. This fact is leading to a consolidation trend within the industry. The big picture is diverse: each stage of each RES has its own peculiar characteristics. One of notable trends that we want to underline is that in Italy the Prosumer model, where a company is able to satisfy part of its energy needs, has some success stories in heavy man- ufacturing, which demonstrate the possibility to invest with good financial returns in renewables. Another one is that there is still a market for new installa- tions, but there are also huge business opportunities for the ac- quisition of old plants which will be then made more efficient through the expertise of the acquiring company. Finally, the RES that are getting more traction are photo- voltaic and wind power, also through the development of in- teresting business models around the O&M area. The work consists of five chapters and it is structured as fol- lows: 1. Introduction In this chapter we will zoom out to understand what is the role of energy in our society. We will also explore the why of renewables, their recent history and the threat of climate change. 2. RES In this chapter we will perform an analysis of renewable technologies divided by energy sources. More space will be given to photovoltaic and wind-power. 3. Methodology In this chapter we will introduce the methodology utililized for our work, starting from the rules for refining our ini- tial sample to the changes in the approach that we had to take during our empirical activity. 4. Results In this chapter we will present the output of our work pre- sented by cluster. The cluster are made intersecting RES and stage of the supply chain. There will be case studies that details how in practice these business models func- tion. 5. Conclusion and Future Trends We will wrap up the work and we will put forward some interesting trends that are going to affect the Utilities in- dustry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144564