Performance measurement and management has been researched for decades in the business sector, while there are many potentials for improvement in nonprofit organizations and in particular in schools. Schools are facing an increasing competitivity, which affects their capability of raising funds, so they are moving to a more business-like approach to management. To improve performances, they usually take models from companies and adapt them to the case of schools. The main problem is that a school has its peculiarities and models for private companies don’t prove always perfectly adaptable to this context. The aim of this work is to identify the perspectives that affect a school success and that have to be measured. To identify them, the way in which a nonprofit organization creates value and the frameworks used to measure value creation by nonprofits and schools have been analyzed. Furthermore, it is presented the definition of a performance management system in two private schools with an Action Research methodology. The introduction of a PMS requires a process of customization of the framework to the strategy of the school. The first result of the work is the development of a comprehensive framework that consider five significant perspectives (i.e. strategy and context, resources, activities and projects, results and stakeholders’ satisfaction). In each of this perspective, some families of indicators which it is appropriate to measure in a school have been identified. A second result involves the introduction of a performance management system in two private schools. The customization of the model strictly depends on the strategy of the school in which it is introduced. The spread knowledge across the organization of what the organization’s strategic objectives are and how each worker can contribute to their achievement are important if it is used a bottom-up approach. Independently from the approach used, the last word has to be of the top management that has a clear view of the big picture. These are the key features for the effective introduction of a performance management system in school.
Il tema della misurazione e gestione delle performance è stato ampiamente trattato nel settore privato, ma offre diverse possibilità di miglioramento per le no-profit ed in particolare per le scuole. Le scuole vivono in un periodo di crescente competizione per l’ottenimento dei finanziamenti e quindi hanno iniziato ad utilizzare metodi tipici delle aziende a fine di lucro. Per migliorare le performance usano modelli creati per le aziende e adattati alle scuole. Il problema è che le scuole hanno le loro specificità e l’adattamento spesso risulta imperfetto. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è l’identificazione e la misurazione dei fattori rilevanti che impattano sulle performance di una scuola. Per identificare questi fattori sono stati analizzati il processo di creazione del valore di una no-profit e i modelli usati per misurare lo stesso. Inoltre, presentiamo un progetto di Action Research per la definizione di un sistema di gestione delle performance in due scuole private. Particolare attenzione è rivolta al processo di personalizzazione e adattamento del modello alla strategia della scuola. Un primo risultato del lavoro è lo sviluppo di un modello teorico che considera cinque prospettive (mission e contesto, risorse, attività e progetti, risultati e soddisfazione degli stakeholder). Inoltre, in ognuna delle prospettive sono state identificate alcuni gruppi di indicatori che devono essere misurati nelle scuole. Un secondo risultato riguarda la definizione del sistema di misurazione delle performance in due scuole private. La personalizzazione del modello dipende principalmente dalla strategia della scuola. Per utilizzare un approccio dal basso (i.e. bottom-up) è importante che gli obiettivi strategici siano diffusi all’interno della scuola e che ognuno al suo interno sappia con quali modalità può dare il suo raggiungimento per il raggiungimento della stessa. Indipendentemente dall’approccio usato è importante che la direzione abbia l’ultima parola per verificare l’allineamento del modello definito con la strategia. Questi sono gli elementi chiave per una buona definizione di un sistema di gestione delle prestazioni in una scuola.
A performance management system for education : an action research project in private school
NORIS, ANDREA
2017/2018
Abstract
Performance measurement and management has been researched for decades in the business sector, while there are many potentials for improvement in nonprofit organizations and in particular in schools. Schools are facing an increasing competitivity, which affects their capability of raising funds, so they are moving to a more business-like approach to management. To improve performances, they usually take models from companies and adapt them to the case of schools. The main problem is that a school has its peculiarities and models for private companies don’t prove always perfectly adaptable to this context. The aim of this work is to identify the perspectives that affect a school success and that have to be measured. To identify them, the way in which a nonprofit organization creates value and the frameworks used to measure value creation by nonprofits and schools have been analyzed. Furthermore, it is presented the definition of a performance management system in two private schools with an Action Research methodology. The introduction of a PMS requires a process of customization of the framework to the strategy of the school. The first result of the work is the development of a comprehensive framework that consider five significant perspectives (i.e. strategy and context, resources, activities and projects, results and stakeholders’ satisfaction). In each of this perspective, some families of indicators which it is appropriate to measure in a school have been identified. A second result involves the introduction of a performance management system in two private schools. The customization of the model strictly depends on the strategy of the school in which it is introduced. The spread knowledge across the organization of what the organization’s strategic objectives are and how each worker can contribute to their achievement are important if it is used a bottom-up approach. Independently from the approach used, the last word has to be of the top management that has a clear view of the big picture. These are the key features for the effective introduction of a performance management system in school.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/144588