In a complex and turbulent environment as Retailing, customers are triggering the innovation process as their ever-increasing demand for more unique and compelling experience let retailers with no choice than heavily investing in digital solutions. At the same time, new potentially Retail disruptive start-ups are emerging every day. As a consequence, Retail scenario is changing with a pace never seen before. Digital Innovation has become a buzzy-word. However, retailers, which generally are not as innovative as other kind of organisations, are in the middle between start-ups and customers. The former pulls the demand for the adoption of new technological solutions along the customer journey while the latter may offer new technological solutions but may also threaten the incumbents’ position as market leader. As a matter of fact, retailers can internally develop new solutions for meeting customers demand or, conversely, can rely on collaborations with innovative players in the market. Actually, this research work is focused on the latter approach: collaboration. In particular, the scope is to understand the state of the art of the current Digital Innovation implemented by retailers through Open Innovation mechanisms. The novelty of the thesis stands in the fact that in the literature no studies have considered at the same time Digital Innovation and Open Innovation in the Retail industry. In order to carry out the work, two different perspectives have been taken into account: start-up and retailer one. The former has been studied by gathering 1464 international start-ups, while the latter by gathering 580 news and innovation cases from retailers selected among 8 Countries, namely Italy, France, Germany, UK, USA, Japan, China and India. Accordingly, two databases have been created and descriptive statistics have been used for the analysis of the results. For the two perspectives, the objective has been the one of understanding most sought-after technologies, so that demand and offer side can be described. Indeed, a third perspective, resulting from the merger of the others, has been taken into account in order to compare all the findings. Furthermore, a close focus has been taken upon Italy in order to compare the Retail context of the Country to the one of the others. The findings suggest that start-ups and retailer are coherently aligned in reference to demand and supply of technological innovations. However, for some solutions, a good match between offer ad demand does not imply that retailers choose to collaborate with start-ups. In conclusion, the Italian Retail context seems aligned to the global one for the demand of Digital Innovation. Collaborations, instead, are less developed than in the other analysed Countries.
In un contesto in cui il digitale sta prendendo il sopravvento in ogni settore, anche nel Retail si riscontra una sempre maggior domanda da parte dei clienti per esperienze uniche e avvincenti. Le aziende in ambito Retail, per rimanere al passo con i tempi, sono costrette a investire un numero sempre più alto di soluzioni digitali. Ad ogni modo, mentre i cosiddetti incumbent si sforzano a implementare nei loro negozi soluzioni di Digital Innovation, nuove organizzazioni, dalla fortissima carica innovativa, stanno nascendo e incrementando sempre più il proprio portafoglio clienti. Infatti, le start-up, con i loro nuovi modelli di business basati soprattutto sul digitale, stanno rivoluzionando lo scenario Retail a un ritmo mai visto prima. Le altre aziende del mondo Retail, che sono tradizionalmente meno innovative delle start-up, si trovano in una situazione molto scomoda. Da un lato, infatti, ci sono i clienti che spingono per l’adozione di nuove soluzioni tecnologiche mentre, dall’altro lato, ci sono le start-up che possono sia offrire nuove soluzioni tecnologiche sia minacciare la posizione di leader di mercato delle aziende “incumbent”. In pratica, per le aziende tradizionali due vie sono perseguibili e una non esclude l’altra. Si possono sia sviluppare internamente nuovi servizi e nuove tecnologie per meglio soddisfare i propri clienti sia si può collaborare con le start-up. In questo lavoro di tesi, la ricerca è stata focalizzata su una sola delle due vie percorribile: la collaborazione. In particolare, lo scopo della tesi è quello di comprendere come l’innovazione digitale può essere implementata attraverso meccanismi di Open Innovation. Rispetto a precedenti ricerche, l’originalità di questo lavoro ricade nel fatto che nessuno in precedenza aveva trattato simultaneamente la Digital Innovation e l’Open Innovation nel contesto Retail. Per svolgere il lavoro sono state prese in considerazione due diverse prospettive: quella delle start-up e quella dei retailer. La prima prospettiva ha portato al censimento di 1464 start-up internazionali, mentre la seconda ha portato alla raccolta ed analisi di 580 notizie riguardanti l’adozione di innovazioni digitali da parte di alcune aziende selezionate tra 8 Paesi (Italia, Francia, Germania, Regno Unito, Stati Uniti, Giappone, Cina e India). Successivamente, è stata svolta un’analisi descrittiva per delineare i principali trend per domanda e offerta di tecnologie in ambito Retail. In particolare, dall’analisi delle start-up si è potuto comprendere quali sono le tecnologie maggiormente sviluppate, e quindi offerte, nel mercato. Per quanto riguarda l’analisi dei retailer, si è potuto comprendere quali sono i bisogni tecnologici che queste organizzazioni hanno palesato negli ultimi anni. Infine, dall’unione dai due ambiti di analisi, si è creata una terza prospettiva che è stata presa in considerazione al fine di confrontare se domanda e offerta combaciassero. Inoltre, è stata svolta un’analisi dedicata per l'Italia. In questo modo è stato possibile delineare il livello di Digital Innovation e Open Innovation per l’Italia rispetto agli altri Paesi presi in considerazione. Dalle analisi è emerso che start-up e retailer sono sostanzialmente allineati per quanto riguarda domanda e offerta di innovazioni tecnologiche. Tuttavia, per alcune soluzioni, nonostante l’alta domanda e rispettiva offerta, non si sono verificati casi di collaborazione tra start-up e retailer. In conclusione, il contesto Retail italiano sembra essere maggiormente allineato a quello globale nella Digital Innovation mentre ci sono più criticità nell’Open Innovation.
Digital collaboration between retailers and start-ups : a mixed perspective to take a snapshot of the Italian context
Dell'ORTO, PAOLO
2017/2018
Abstract
In a complex and turbulent environment as Retailing, customers are triggering the innovation process as their ever-increasing demand for more unique and compelling experience let retailers with no choice than heavily investing in digital solutions. At the same time, new potentially Retail disruptive start-ups are emerging every day. As a consequence, Retail scenario is changing with a pace never seen before. Digital Innovation has become a buzzy-word. However, retailers, which generally are not as innovative as other kind of organisations, are in the middle between start-ups and customers. The former pulls the demand for the adoption of new technological solutions along the customer journey while the latter may offer new technological solutions but may also threaten the incumbents’ position as market leader. As a matter of fact, retailers can internally develop new solutions for meeting customers demand or, conversely, can rely on collaborations with innovative players in the market. Actually, this research work is focused on the latter approach: collaboration. In particular, the scope is to understand the state of the art of the current Digital Innovation implemented by retailers through Open Innovation mechanisms. The novelty of the thesis stands in the fact that in the literature no studies have considered at the same time Digital Innovation and Open Innovation in the Retail industry. In order to carry out the work, two different perspectives have been taken into account: start-up and retailer one. The former has been studied by gathering 1464 international start-ups, while the latter by gathering 580 news and innovation cases from retailers selected among 8 Countries, namely Italy, France, Germany, UK, USA, Japan, China and India. Accordingly, two databases have been created and descriptive statistics have been used for the analysis of the results. For the two perspectives, the objective has been the one of understanding most sought-after technologies, so that demand and offer side can be described. Indeed, a third perspective, resulting from the merger of the others, has been taken into account in order to compare all the findings. Furthermore, a close focus has been taken upon Italy in order to compare the Retail context of the Country to the one of the others. The findings suggest that start-ups and retailer are coherently aligned in reference to demand and supply of technological innovations. However, for some solutions, a good match between offer ad demand does not imply that retailers choose to collaborate with start-ups. In conclusion, the Italian Retail context seems aligned to the global one for the demand of Digital Innovation. Collaborations, instead, are less developed than in the other analysed Countries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145066