The advent of humanitarian crises generates the convergence of material donations to the related affected areas. However, a high percentage of these resources is classified as “Unsolicited Donations” since they are items that are not requested and do not meet the needs of the affected population. This phenomenon, known as “Material Convergence”, has an impact on the emergency, creating delays in the response and the convergence of too many supplies with consequent storage and congestion issues. Money, personnel and time are required to dispose of unsolicited donations, while they could be used for managing more critical supplies elsewhere. State of the art in literature demonstrates the magnitude and the issues generated by this phenomenon, but less attention is given to the management of material convergence. This thesis is aimed at investigating the material convergence phenomenon in order to identify the best approaches to be adopted in different humanitarian crises. The supply chain practices and capabilities needed to manage unsolicited donations have been identified after a complete literature review. To this end, a framework for supply chain management has been developed to identify the most suitable supply chain configuration and strategy for different disaster scenarios. The aforementioned framework is composed of two models. The former wants to define four disaster scenarios, while the latter identifies the supply chain strategy and configuration to be adopted for resources coordination and mobilisation. The validation of the framework was achieved through the development of a questionnaire and interviews of experts in the humanitarian domain.
L’avvenimento di una crisi umanitaria genera la convergenza di donazioni materiali nell’area colpita. Tuttavia, un’elevata percentuale di queste risorse è classificata come “Unsolicited Donations” in quanto include beni che non sono stati richiesti e che non soddisfano i bisogni delle popolazioni colpite. Questo fenomeno, conosciuto come “Material Convergence”, influenza la risposta alle catastrofi generando elevati ritardi, e provoca la convergenza di troppi beni creando problemi di immagazzinamento e congestione. Denaro, personale e tempo sono necessari al fine di rimuovere le donazioni non richieste nonostante questi potrebbero essere utilizzati per la gestione di beni primari. Lo stato dell’arte della letteratura evidenzia la rilevanza e i problemi causati da questo fenomeno, ma poca attenzione viene rivolta circa la gestione delle “Unsolicited Donations”. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di investigare il fenomeno di “Material Convergence” in modo da individuare gli approcci che possono essere adottati in diverse crisi umanitarie. Dopo un’analisi completa della letteratura, sono state individuate le capacità che la supply chain deve possedere al fine di gestire le “Unsolicited Donations”. A questo fine, è stato sviluppato un framework per la gestione della supply chain allo scopo di identificare la configurazione e la strategia più adatta nei diversi scenari di crisi. Il sopracitato framework si compone di due modelli. Il primo identifica quattro scenari di crisi, mentre il secondo individua la strategia e la configurazione della supply chain da adottare circa la coordinazione e la movimentazione delle risorse. Il framework è stato poi validato attraverso lo sviluppo di un questionario ed attraverso delle interviste ad esperti appartenenti al settore umanitario.
Managing unsolicited donations in humanitarian crises : a framework for supply chain management
PIRAINA, MARIACHIARA
2017/2018
Abstract
The advent of humanitarian crises generates the convergence of material donations to the related affected areas. However, a high percentage of these resources is classified as “Unsolicited Donations” since they are items that are not requested and do not meet the needs of the affected population. This phenomenon, known as “Material Convergence”, has an impact on the emergency, creating delays in the response and the convergence of too many supplies with consequent storage and congestion issues. Money, personnel and time are required to dispose of unsolicited donations, while they could be used for managing more critical supplies elsewhere. State of the art in literature demonstrates the magnitude and the issues generated by this phenomenon, but less attention is given to the management of material convergence. This thesis is aimed at investigating the material convergence phenomenon in order to identify the best approaches to be adopted in different humanitarian crises. The supply chain practices and capabilities needed to manage unsolicited donations have been identified after a complete literature review. To this end, a framework for supply chain management has been developed to identify the most suitable supply chain configuration and strategy for different disaster scenarios. The aforementioned framework is composed of two models. The former wants to define four disaster scenarios, while the latter identifies the supply chain strategy and configuration to be adopted for resources coordination and mobilisation. The validation of the framework was achieved through the development of a questionnaire and interviews of experts in the humanitarian domain.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2018_12_Piraina.pdf
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Descrizione: Managing Unsolicited Donations in Humanitarian Crises: a Framework for Supply Chain Management
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145086