The online gambling market in Italy is showing a strong growth rate with more and more players and operators who approach it. This situation is leading, on one hand, to an increase in revenues for both the operators and the state, but on the other hand to an increasing potential harm for players due to the problematic behavior that may arise. Despite the relevance of the topic, there is a lack of research into the players’ behavior and experience when gambling. This aspect, however, should be understood in order to improve the gambling experience, from a shared value perspective. The present research aims to do so by investigating players’ perceptions about gambling (measured through survey method), their gambling behavior (in terms of frequency and amount of bet) and their neuro-physiological responses to gambling (in terms of attention, memorization, pleasure, engagement and arousal). Different typologies of players are analyzed, namely frequent players, medium frequency players, occasional players, as they may show different reactions and behavior. Results suggest a general increase in the frequency of play and a quite stable betting behavior with different reactions in case of real wins, losses and losses disguised as wins (LDW). As regards the neuro-physiological reactions, frequent players show a decrease in the levels of attention and memorization with the increase of the engagement and pleasure. Medium frequency players show decreasing levels of attention and memorization during the session, which are positively correlated with engagement and pleasure. Occasional players are instead the less neuro-physiologically moved by the game and show a positive correlation between attention, memorization and arousal, which are negatively correlated with engagement and pleasure. Starting from this analysis it was developed a mathematical model in order to define the total amount wagered by each player during a single session depending on his behavior and emotional reactions and the variation in the total amount bet after the implementation of pop- up messages. They were also made cost-benefits considerations related to this initiative for the other stakeholders of the sector. Thus, from a managerial point of view, this research leads to the proposal of a tool, namely pop-up messages during the gambling session, that may improve the customer experience minimizing potential negative effects of prolonged play. IX From an academic point of view, the research proposes to explain players’changes in behavior during the gambling session looking at their neuro-physiological variations and to understand whether what gamblers declare to feel is confirmed by the emotions detected by the wearable devices. Furthermore, it is also suggested to study the correlation between the different neuro-physiological reactions in order to fully understand what the players feel.
Il mercato del gioco d’azzardo online in Italia sta affrontando una rapida crescita vedendo aumentare ogni anno il numero di giocatori e di operatori presenti nel settore. Questa situazione porta da una parte ad una crescita negli introiti degli operatori del settore e dello Stato, ma comporta anche anche la possibilità di un aumento del rischio per i giocatori di assumere comportamenti problematici. Il presente studio propone un’analisi integrata della percezione dei giocatori (misurata con questionari antecedenti e successivi alla sessione), del loro comportamento (in termini di frequenza ed entità della puntata), delle loro risposte neuro-fisiologiche (in termini di attenzione, memorizzazione, piacevolezza, assorbimento e coinvolgimento) e delle relazioni esistenti tra questi aspetti. Infine, viene suggerita e valutata l’implementazione di messaggi pop-up durante il gioco in modo da migliorare l’esperienza di gioco riducendo i rischi per la salute del giocatore in un’ottica di shared value. Le caratteristiche del messaggio pop-up variano a seconda della categoria a cui appartiene ogni giocatore in relazione alla frequenza con cui è solito giocare: giocatori con alta frequenza di gioco, giocatori con media frequenza di gioco, giocatori occasionali. I risultati suggeriscono un generale aumento della frequenza di gioco e un comportamento lineare per quanto riguarda la puntata che varia in relazione alle vincite, alle sconfitte e alle LDW. Per quanto riguarda le reazioni neuro-fisiologiche, i giocatori con alta frequenza mostrano un discendente livello di attenzione e memorizzazione in parallelo con un aumento della piacevolezza e dell’assorbimento. I giocatori con media frequenza mostrano un discendente livello di attenzione e memorizzazione durante la sessione di gioco, i quali risultano positivamente correlati con l’assorbimento e la piacevolezza. I giocatori occasionali invece sono i meno alterati neuro-fisiologicamente dal gioco e mostrano una correlazione positiva tra attenzione, memorizzazione e coinvolgimento, i quali risultano negativamente correlati con assorbimento e piacevolezza. Partendo da queste analisi è stato sviluppato un modello matematico per descrivere la spesa totale da parte di ogni giocatore durante una sessione di gioco in relazione al suo comportamento e alle emozioni suscitate e la variazione in termini di spesa dopo VII l’introduzione dei messaggi pop-up. Sono state, inoltre, effettuate considerazioni sui costi e sui benefici per gli altri attori del settore in relazione a tale iniziativa. Da un punto di vista accademico, la ricerca propone di spiegare i cambiamenti comportamentali dei giocatori durante la sessione di gioco alla luce delle variazioni neuro- fisiologiche e di capire se le emozioni dichiarate dai giocatori combaciano con quelle rilevate tramite la strumentazione. Inoltre, viene suggerito di studiare la correlazione tra le diverse reazioni neuro-fisiologiche in modo da comprendere pienamente le sensazioni dei giocatori.
User experience in online gambling : an analysis of the behavioral and neuro-physiological user reactions and a proposal for a shared value approach
GILARDONI, ALESSANDRO;FRIGERIO, SARA
2017/2018
Abstract
The online gambling market in Italy is showing a strong growth rate with more and more players and operators who approach it. This situation is leading, on one hand, to an increase in revenues for both the operators and the state, but on the other hand to an increasing potential harm for players due to the problematic behavior that may arise. Despite the relevance of the topic, there is a lack of research into the players’ behavior and experience when gambling. This aspect, however, should be understood in order to improve the gambling experience, from a shared value perspective. The present research aims to do so by investigating players’ perceptions about gambling (measured through survey method), their gambling behavior (in terms of frequency and amount of bet) and their neuro-physiological responses to gambling (in terms of attention, memorization, pleasure, engagement and arousal). Different typologies of players are analyzed, namely frequent players, medium frequency players, occasional players, as they may show different reactions and behavior. Results suggest a general increase in the frequency of play and a quite stable betting behavior with different reactions in case of real wins, losses and losses disguised as wins (LDW). As regards the neuro-physiological reactions, frequent players show a decrease in the levels of attention and memorization with the increase of the engagement and pleasure. Medium frequency players show decreasing levels of attention and memorization during the session, which are positively correlated with engagement and pleasure. Occasional players are instead the less neuro-physiologically moved by the game and show a positive correlation between attention, memorization and arousal, which are negatively correlated with engagement and pleasure. Starting from this analysis it was developed a mathematical model in order to define the total amount wagered by each player during a single session depending on his behavior and emotional reactions and the variation in the total amount bet after the implementation of pop- up messages. They were also made cost-benefits considerations related to this initiative for the other stakeholders of the sector. Thus, from a managerial point of view, this research leads to the proposal of a tool, namely pop-up messages during the gambling session, that may improve the customer experience minimizing potential negative effects of prolonged play. IX From an academic point of view, the research proposes to explain players’changes in behavior during the gambling session looking at their neuro-physiological variations and to understand whether what gamblers declare to feel is confirmed by the emotions detected by the wearable devices. Furthermore, it is also suggested to study the correlation between the different neuro-physiological reactions in order to fully understand what the players feel.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145104