Nowadays, healthcare organizations in developed countries deal with multiple and complex challenges related to economy and finance, increasing multidisciplinary as well as the need for patient involvement (Wass and Vimarlund, 2016). These aspects have strong consequences on health organizations leading to the growing need for health innovation. Moreover, healthcare organizations are emblematic examples of complex and extremely dynamic systems. Scholars suggested that innovation is now dependent on the internal and external knowledge involvement and on the inclusion of more activities and more actors than those assigned to the traditional innovation model (Thakur, Hsu and Fontenot, 2011; Chesbrough, 2003). The concept that better expresses the idea of involving internal and external knowledge in complex organizations is the one of open innovation (Wass and Vimarlund, 2016) in which the cooperation between different actors (scientists, clinicians and patients) during the various phases of the innovation process become a key aspect. This all comes down to an important challenge: cooperate with a huge variety of actors in a complex open innovation network (Geenhuizen and Guldemond, 2013). In this context, an emerging innovation approach called "Living Lab" (LL), is gaining increasing interest in both industry and academia employing the power of both user cantered and open innovation approaches. The recently established Lecco Innovation Living Lab (LILL) is an example of this new approach in Lombardy Region in which the Politecnico di Milano is involved in. It is mainly focused on the rehabilitation and technologies for living environments and it is characterized by a high degree of network complexity involving both clinical and research excellences in the field. Of course, managing the collaborations within this highly complex network can be extremely difficult. Therefore, understanding deeply the most important drivers and barriers for the co-operation and the success of the internal activities becomes essential. To this end, the final aim of this thesis was to present the current research on the Living Lab, developing a framework of drivers and barriers for the success of the co-operation within them. To achieve this objective the following steps were defined: analysis of the literature on Living Lab with particular focus on the health care field; investigation on the Living Lab segmentation in the field of Health and Wellbeing, analysing the organizational structure; collection of findings from a European best practice in healthcare; collection of opinions of LILL actors. The literature review and the investigation on the Living Lab experiences in the healthcare area, allowed to extrapolate the main characteristics and "packages of services" of these organizations. Then, the analysis of the Belgian Living Lab (LiCaLab) allowed identifying a first set of potential drivers and barriers for their success. Moreover, this first classification was applied to the Lecco Innovation Living Lab (LILL) which, unlike the other experiences analysed in the field, shows a high level of network complexity. This allowed to: • to recognize all the barriers and drivers previously classified; • to identify more specific items to fulfil the classification and to design a driver and barrier taxonomy covering also Living Labs with a high degree of stakeholder complexity; • to design a framework to map the activities within a Living Lab taking into consideration the designed taxonomy: • to hypothesize a relationship model among them; • to suggest potential strategies and options that the Lecco Innovation Living Lab could adopt. Therefore, as contribution to knowledge, this work presented a new framework of components, drivers and barriers affecting the success of the Living Lab internal activities. Moreover, a relationship model was also suggested. The presented framework could represent a valuable instrument to be adopted by the Living Lab in healthcare as a help not only to better understand the most important drivers, but also to develop appropriate implementation strategies to overcome co-operation issues within the Living Lab.
La sanità, nei paesi più sviluppati, mostra una forte evoluzione dovendo scontrarsi con sfide sempre più complesse riguardanti economia, finanziamenti, multidisciplinarietà crescente e bisogno sempre più presente di coinvolgere l'utente finale (il paziente). In aggiunta, il sistema sanitario può essere considerato come un forte esempio di sistema complesso ed estremamente dinamico. Queste nuove sfide impattano considerevolmente sulle organizzazioni coinvolte in sanità portando ad un sempre maggiore bisogno di innovazione coinvolgendo conoscenza sia interna sia esterna. Il concetto che meglio esprime questa idea è quello di Open Innovation (Wass and Vimarlund 2016) in cui la cooperazione tra stakholder durante l'intero processo di innovazione diventa un elemento centrale. In questo contesto un nuovo approccio chiamato "Living Lab" (LL) sta assumendo sempre più interesse sia nel mondo industriale sia in quello accademico, dando la possibilità di coniugare l'approccio di open innovation e quello user centered che pone l'utente finale in una posizione privilegiata (Dell’Era and Landoni, 2014). Il Lecco Innvation Living Lab, un Living Lab (LILL) recentemente implementato sul territorio di Lecco e di cui il Politecnico di Milano è partner attivo, rappresenta un forte esempio di questo nuovo approccio in sanità in Lombardia. Questo Living Lab si concentra sull'ambito della riabilitazione e delle tecnologie per gli ambienti di vita coinvolgendo una fitta rete di eccellenze, sia cliniche sia di ricerca, forti sul territorio. È importante considerare come la gestione di network così grandi e complessi, possa risultare estremamente complessa e quindi, conoscere e comprendere a pieno le maggiori barriere e leve per la collaborazione e per il successo delle attività interne a queste nuove organizzazioni, diventa fondamentale. Lo scopo finale di questo lavoro di tesi, quindi, è stato quello di analizzare questo nuovo approccio al fine di progettare un frame work di barriere e leve per il successo delle attività e delle collaborazioni all'interno dei Living Lab in sanità. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, i seguenti passaggi sono stati definiti: analisi della letteratura sui Living Lab con particolare attenzione alla loro applicazione nel settore sanitario; investigazione approfondita sulle esperienze nel settore "Health and wellbeing" con riferimento all'Associazione Europea di Living Lab (ENoLL); raccolta di informazioni attraverso l'analisi di una best practice Europea (LiCaLab) tramite questionario personale e intervista individuale; raccolta approfondita di giudizi dei partner del Lecco Innovation Living Lab attraverso interviste individuali. L' analisi di letteratura e l'approfondimento sulle esperienze di Living Lab in sanità, hanno permesso l'identificazione dei servizi o delle attività tipicamente condotte all'intero di queste organizzazioni. In questo lavoro di tesi, ci riferiremo ad asse come "pacchetti di servizio". Successivamente, l'indagine approfondita del caso europeo ha permesso di identificare una prima tassonomia di barriere e leve per il successo di queste attività. Questa prima classificazione è stata applicata al Lecco Innvation Living Lab, il quale differisce dalle altre esperienze analizzate per la profonda complessità del network. Questo ha permesso di: • riconoscere tutte le barriere e le leve precedentemente analizzate; • identificare ulteriori barriere e leve per arricchire la tassonomia; • progettare un frame work per mappar le attività all'interno del Living Lab tenendo in considerazione la tassonomia proposta; • ipotizzarne un modello di relazioni; • suggerire potenziali strategie e opzioni adottabili da LILL per ottimizzare le attività e le collaborazioni interne. Per concludere, dal punto di vista metodologico, questo lavoro ha permesso di colmare il gap osservato in letteratura tramite la realizzazione di una frame work di barriere e leve per i Living Lab in sanità e suggerendo un primo modello di dipendenze tra fattori. Inoltre, a completamento dell'analisi svolta, sono riportate alcune proposte per il miglioramento e l'organizzazione delle attività e della co-operazione all'interno del Lecco Innovation Living Lab. Il frame work presentato in questo lavoro di tesi potrebbe quindi rappresentare un valido strumento per i Living Lab in sanità non solo per conoscere meglio le leve e le barriere per la cooperazione, ma anche per sviluppare appropriate strategie per ottimizzarne le attività. È importante comunque notare che esso non ambisce a generalizzare completamente i risultati, ma vuole essere un ipotetico frame work su cui basare successive analisi e successive validazioni ora fuori dallo scopo della tesi.
Living lab in healthcare : towards a framework of drivers and barriers
MARONE, LAURA
2018/2019
Abstract
Nowadays, healthcare organizations in developed countries deal with multiple and complex challenges related to economy and finance, increasing multidisciplinary as well as the need for patient involvement (Wass and Vimarlund, 2016). These aspects have strong consequences on health organizations leading to the growing need for health innovation. Moreover, healthcare organizations are emblematic examples of complex and extremely dynamic systems. Scholars suggested that innovation is now dependent on the internal and external knowledge involvement and on the inclusion of more activities and more actors than those assigned to the traditional innovation model (Thakur, Hsu and Fontenot, 2011; Chesbrough, 2003). The concept that better expresses the idea of involving internal and external knowledge in complex organizations is the one of open innovation (Wass and Vimarlund, 2016) in which the cooperation between different actors (scientists, clinicians and patients) during the various phases of the innovation process become a key aspect. This all comes down to an important challenge: cooperate with a huge variety of actors in a complex open innovation network (Geenhuizen and Guldemond, 2013). In this context, an emerging innovation approach called "Living Lab" (LL), is gaining increasing interest in both industry and academia employing the power of both user cantered and open innovation approaches. The recently established Lecco Innovation Living Lab (LILL) is an example of this new approach in Lombardy Region in which the Politecnico di Milano is involved in. It is mainly focused on the rehabilitation and technologies for living environments and it is characterized by a high degree of network complexity involving both clinical and research excellences in the field. Of course, managing the collaborations within this highly complex network can be extremely difficult. Therefore, understanding deeply the most important drivers and barriers for the co-operation and the success of the internal activities becomes essential. To this end, the final aim of this thesis was to present the current research on the Living Lab, developing a framework of drivers and barriers for the success of the co-operation within them. To achieve this objective the following steps were defined: analysis of the literature on Living Lab with particular focus on the health care field; investigation on the Living Lab segmentation in the field of Health and Wellbeing, analysing the organizational structure; collection of findings from a European best practice in healthcare; collection of opinions of LILL actors. The literature review and the investigation on the Living Lab experiences in the healthcare area, allowed to extrapolate the main characteristics and "packages of services" of these organizations. Then, the analysis of the Belgian Living Lab (LiCaLab) allowed identifying a first set of potential drivers and barriers for their success. Moreover, this first classification was applied to the Lecco Innovation Living Lab (LILL) which, unlike the other experiences analysed in the field, shows a high level of network complexity. This allowed to: • to recognize all the barriers and drivers previously classified; • to identify more specific items to fulfil the classification and to design a driver and barrier taxonomy covering also Living Labs with a high degree of stakeholder complexity; • to design a framework to map the activities within a Living Lab taking into consideration the designed taxonomy: • to hypothesize a relationship model among them; • to suggest potential strategies and options that the Lecco Innovation Living Lab could adopt. Therefore, as contribution to knowledge, this work presented a new framework of components, drivers and barriers affecting the success of the Living Lab internal activities. Moreover, a relationship model was also suggested. The presented framework could represent a valuable instrument to be adopted by the Living Lab in healthcare as a help not only to better understand the most important drivers, but also to develop appropriate implementation strategies to overcome co-operation issues within the Living Lab.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145142