The following study has as its main objective the study of the biomechanical characteristics of a tissue of considerable importance within our body, so that these characteristics can be used to help studies and research in the clinical field. The tissue we are talking about is the meniscus, a fibrocartilaginous structure present in the crescent-shaped knee joint. Meniscuses perform many important biomechanical functions; in fact they contribute to the transmission of the load, to the absorption of impacts, to joint stability, to nutrition, to joint lubrication and to proprioception. The meniscus, from a structural and mechanical point of view, is considered as a biphasic soft fabric consisting of a solid phase and an interstitial fluid phase. A bibliographic research was carried out with the aim of analyzing and comparing studies carried out on human and animal meniscus in which mainly mechanical tests of traction, compression, confined and non-confined compression, creep-recovery tests, indentation tests and numerical tests have been carried out. From the tests carried out in these studies the main biomechanical characterization parameters of the material under examination are then obtained. The ultimate goal of this work is therefore to study the behavior of the meniscus in humans and animals to look for any similarities or differences. The main focus was on the assessment of a possible dependence of the biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus as a function of the area of origin (lateral, medial, femoral, tibial, anterior, central, posterior) and moreover depending on the growth stage.
Il seguente elaborato ha come obiettivo principale lo studio delle caratteristiche biomeccaniche di un tessuto dotato di rilevante importanza all’interno del nostro corpo, affinché tali caratteristiche possano essere utilizzate per aiutare gli studi e la ricerca in ambito clinico. Il tessuto di cui si parla è il menisco, una struttura fibrocartilaginea presente nell’articolazione del ginocchio a forma di mezzaluna. I menischi svolgono molte importanti funzioni biomeccaniche; contribuiscono infatti alla trasmissione del carico, all’assorbimento degli urti, alla stabilità articolare, alla nutrizione, alla lubrificazione articolare e alla propriocezione. Il menisco, da un punto di vista strutturale e meccanico, viene considerato come un tessuto soffice bifasico costituito da una fase solida e una fase fluida interstiziale. È stata effettuata una ricerca bibliografica con lo scopo di analizzare e confrontare studi effettuati su menischi umani e animali in cui sono state realizzate principalmente prove meccaniche di trazione, compressione, compressione confinata e non, prove di creep-recovery, test di indentazione e prove numeriche di analisi agli elementi finiti. Dalle prove effettuate in questi studi vengono poi ricavati i principali parametri di caratterizzazione biomeccanica del materiale in esame. Il fine ultimo di questo elaborato ha quindi lo scopo di studiare il comportamento del menisco nell’uomo e negli animali per ricercare eventuali analogie o differenze. L’attenzione principale è stata fissata sulla valutazione di una possibile dipendenza delle caratteristiche biomeccaniche del menisco in funzione della zona di origine e prelievo (laterale, mediale, femorale, tibiale, anteriore, centrale, posteriore) ed inoltre in funzione dello stadio di crescita.
Caratterizzazione biomeccanica del menisco
DALZERO, LORENZA
2017/2018
Abstract
The following study has as its main objective the study of the biomechanical characteristics of a tissue of considerable importance within our body, so that these characteristics can be used to help studies and research in the clinical field. The tissue we are talking about is the meniscus, a fibrocartilaginous structure present in the crescent-shaped knee joint. Meniscuses perform many important biomechanical functions; in fact they contribute to the transmission of the load, to the absorption of impacts, to joint stability, to nutrition, to joint lubrication and to proprioception. The meniscus, from a structural and mechanical point of view, is considered as a biphasic soft fabric consisting of a solid phase and an interstitial fluid phase. A bibliographic research was carried out with the aim of analyzing and comparing studies carried out on human and animal meniscus in which mainly mechanical tests of traction, compression, confined and non-confined compression, creep-recovery tests, indentation tests and numerical tests have been carried out. From the tests carried out in these studies the main biomechanical characterization parameters of the material under examination are then obtained. The ultimate goal of this work is therefore to study the behavior of the meniscus in humans and animals to look for any similarities or differences. The main focus was on the assessment of a possible dependence of the biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus as a function of the area of origin (lateral, medial, femoral, tibial, anterior, central, posterior) and moreover depending on the growth stage.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145186