The use of one-dimensional nanostructures has become very popular since the past decades throughout high-tech industries especially in semiconductor industry to enhance the properties of materials for electronic applications, from logic and memory components to elements for energetics. Bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures is a prominent and most widely studied area which includes many versatile fabrication techniques like physical and chemical vapor deposition. Chalcogenide nanostructures like nanowires (NWs) offers superior properties especially in the applications of Phase Change Memories and Thermoelectric Materials. The present thesis reports the study of optimization of Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process parameters for the growth of Sb2Te3 NWs inside the Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) templates. The main objective is to find the suitable conditions for the growth of an ordered array of antimony telluride NWs in the AAO templates. The parameters that influence the positioning of NWs were studied and optimized to obtain NWs with high aspect ratio, with an average diameter of 15-20 nm and length of 150-170 nm by using gold particles as catalysts for the NW growth. Numerous experiments were done to find the best growth conditions. Morphological analysis of the templated growth was assessed with both Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy techniques. Structural analysis was performed by using X-Ray diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy. Compositional analysis was done by using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) and confirmed by TEM-EDX analysis. TEM analysis indicates that the prevailing growth mechanism of Sb-Te NWs inside the AAO pores is Selective Area Growth (SAG) instead of the expected Vapor-Liquid-Solid. The present work demonstrates that the regular array of high aspect ratio antimony telluride NWs can be obtained by using the MOCVD, inside the nano-templated substrates. The obtained result is a first promising step towards the realization of bottom-up fabrication of other chalcogenide NW arrays.
Le nanostrutture 1-dimensionali sono diventate di grande interesse negli ultimi decenni, nell’ambito delle tecnologie avanzate e in particolare nell’industria dei semiconduttori, dove sono usate per migliorare le proprietà dei materiali in applicazioni che vanno dai dispositivi di logica e di memoria ai componenti per l’ambito energetico. La fabbricazione bottom-up di nanostrutture è un’importante area di ricerca che include molte tecniche di fabbricazione versatili, come la deposizione fisica e chimica da fase vapore. Le nanostrutture calcogenure sotto forma di nanofili offrono proprietà superiori, in particolare in applicazioni quali memorie a cambiamento di fase e materiali termoelettrici. La presente tesi tratta dello studio dell’ottimizzazione dei parametri di processo di deposizioni metallorganiche chimiche da fase vapore (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, MOCVD) per la crescita di nanofili di Sb2Te3 all’interno di matrici di ossido di alluminio anodico (Anodic Aluminium Oxide, AAO). L’obiettivo principale è trovare le condizioni adeguate per la crescita di un array ordinato di nanofili di tellururo di antimonio nella matrice di AAO. I parametri che influenzano il posizionamento dei nanofili sono studiati ed ottimizzati per ottenere nanofili con elevato aspect ratio, con un diametro medio di 15-20 nm e lunghezza di 150-170 nm, usando particelle di oro come catalizzatori per la crescita dei nanofili. Si sono eseguiti numerosi esperimenti per trovare le condizioni di crescita ottimali. Analisi morfologiche della crescita nella matrice sono state eseguite con tecniche di Microscopia Elettronica a Scansione (SEM) e a Trasmissione (TEM). L’analisi strutturale è stata eseguita usando la diffrazione a raggi X e la spettroscopia Raman. L’analisi composizionale è stata dapprima effettuata mediante la Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) e poi confermata da analisi mediante Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), abbinata al TEM. L’analisi TEM-EDX indica che il meccanismo di crescita preponderante di nanofili Sb-Te dentro pori AAO è la crescita selettiva (Selective Area Growth, SAG), anziché il meccanismo vapore-liquido-solido, come invece atteso. Il presente lavoro dimostra che si può ottenere un array regolare di nanofili di telluro di antimonio con un elevato aspect ratio usando la MOCVD all’interno di substrati nano-patternati. I risultati ottenuti sono un promettente primo passo verso la realizzazione di un processo di fabbricazione bottom-up di array di nanofili con altri materiali calcogenuri.
MOCVD growth and characterization of ordered arrays of antimony telluride nanowires
GAJJELA, RAJA SEKHAR REDDY
2017/2018
Abstract
The use of one-dimensional nanostructures has become very popular since the past decades throughout high-tech industries especially in semiconductor industry to enhance the properties of materials for electronic applications, from logic and memory components to elements for energetics. Bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures is a prominent and most widely studied area which includes many versatile fabrication techniques like physical and chemical vapor deposition. Chalcogenide nanostructures like nanowires (NWs) offers superior properties especially in the applications of Phase Change Memories and Thermoelectric Materials. The present thesis reports the study of optimization of Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process parameters for the growth of Sb2Te3 NWs inside the Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) templates. The main objective is to find the suitable conditions for the growth of an ordered array of antimony telluride NWs in the AAO templates. The parameters that influence the positioning of NWs were studied and optimized to obtain NWs with high aspect ratio, with an average diameter of 15-20 nm and length of 150-170 nm by using gold particles as catalysts for the NW growth. Numerous experiments were done to find the best growth conditions. Morphological analysis of the templated growth was assessed with both Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy techniques. Structural analysis was performed by using X-Ray diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy. Compositional analysis was done by using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) and confirmed by TEM-EDX analysis. TEM analysis indicates that the prevailing growth mechanism of Sb-Te NWs inside the AAO pores is Selective Area Growth (SAG) instead of the expected Vapor-Liquid-Solid. The present work demonstrates that the regular array of high aspect ratio antimony telluride NWs can be obtained by using the MOCVD, inside the nano-templated substrates. The obtained result is a first promising step towards the realization of bottom-up fabrication of other chalcogenide NW arrays.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145432