Fārs, unique place for the evocative beauty of the landscape and for the extraordinary richness in historical-architectural terms, embraces part of the east coast of the Persian Gulf and goes up to the large closed basins of the Kermān. Inside it includes chains that rise almost to touch the 4000 m. The few watercourses are exploited for irrigation and the climate, very hot and humid along the coasts, becomes more temperate towards the inside. These territories are witnesses of centuries of history, of cultures and traditions: they have been marked, in fact, by the passage of great peoples. It is precisely here, in the heart of the plateau, that the ruins of Persepolis are erected, as evidence of a lineage, the Achaemenids, which brought the Persian empire to its full splendor and expansion. Persepolis was defined by the historian Diodoro Siculo as "the richest city under the sun", a representation of the magnificence and strength of the Achaemenid Empire. Strangely located in the middle of nowhere, far from any point of political or strategic interest: a grandiose city built to impress subjects and enemies and to underline the immense power of the Persian kings. The city stood against Mount Rahmat, in a mountainous region difficult to access about 60 km from the current city of Shiraz, reachable only during the spring and summer because in the winter the rains made the roads impassable. It was Darius I who ruled from 522 to 486 B.C. which began the construction of the city, in a place that had indicated Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire. It was then Xerxes, son of Darius, who completed the work. The site was designed not following the natural conformation of the ground, but creating a flat platform that leans from one side to the mountain, while the other three are supported by walls that follow the slope of the land. Walls that, according to Diodoro Siculo, consisted of three city walls: the first 7 meters high, the second 14 and the last 30 meters, all equipped with a watchtower. Only a few traces remain of these fortifications. In the highest area of the city, reserved for the royal family, stood the magnificent public buildings such as the palaces of Darius and Xerxes, the Apadana, the Sala del Trono, the Gate of All Nations, the Treasury and the Harem. Just what remains is to guess the grandeur of Persepolis and imagine the striking impact of the era: buildings with 100 columns, echoes of trumpets, lines and very precise geometries carved in massive blocks of stone, steps with low steps to allow the ancient Persians with their long robes of climbing towards the palaces or reaching the terrace on horseback. The splendor of Persepolis, however, lasted only two centuries. In fact, in 330 BC, Alexander the Great and his troops sacked the city for days and in conclusion, following a night of excess, burnt the marvelous buildings built of stone and cedar. A reckless gesture of which the same leader repented early: to destroy is not to conquer and to possess the places of the power of the enemy as a trophy is still better than to leave behind ruins and ashes. An obligatory stop on the cultural pilgrimage of every Iranian, Persepolis is in all respects the emblem and symbol of a thousand-year-old culture rich in mysteries and fascination that does not leave even the western public indifferent: it is easy to trace among its remains that common thread between different cultures that tells and explains human life. The aim of this thesis is to bring more attention to a territory with often unknown and little valued resources, focusing on recent archaeological studies regarding the ancient defensive walls of which very few traces remain and with the aim of providing a new point of view on the city, at the same time enhancing the atmosphere of mysticism and prosperity in which its ruins are immersed.
Il Fārs, luogo unico per la suggestiva bellezza del paesaggio e per la straordinaria ricchezza in termini storico-architettonici, abbraccia parte della costa orientale del Golfo Persico e si spinge fino ai grandi bacini chiusi del Kermān. All’interno comprende catene che si elevano fin quasi a toccare i 4000 m. I pochi corsi d’acqua sono sfruttati per l’irrigazione e il clima, caldissimo e umido lungo le coste, si fa più temperato verso l’interno. Questi territori si fanno testimoni di secoli di storia, di culture e di tradizioni: sono stati segnati, infatti, dal passaggio di popoli grandiosi. È proprio qui, nel cuore dell’altopiano, che si erigono le rovine di Persepoli, a testimonianza di una stirpe, gli Achemenidi, che portò l’impero persiano al massimo del suo splendore ed espansione. Persepoli era definita dallo storico Diodoro Siculo come “la città più ricca sotto il sole”, rappresentazione della magnificenza e forza dell’impero achemenide. Stranamente collocata in mezzo al nulla, distante da ogni punto d’interesse politico o strategico: una grandiosa città costruita per impressionare sudditi e nemici e sottolineare l’ immenso potere dei re persiani. La città sorgeva addossata al monte Rahmat, in una regione montuosa di difficile accesso a circa 60 km dall’attuale città di Shiraz, raggiungibile solo durante la primavera e l’estate poiché d’inverno le piogge rendevano le strade impraticabili. Fu Dario I che governò dal 522 al 486 a.C. che diede inizio alla costruzione della città, in un luogo che aveva indicato Ciro il Grande, fondatore dell’impero achemenide. Fu poi Serse, figlio di Dario, a completare l’opera. Il sito fu progettato non seguendo la naturale conformazione del terreno, ma realizzando una piattaforma piana che si appoggia da un lato alla montagna, mentre gli altri tre sono sostenuti da muri che seguono la pendenza del terreno. Muri che, secondo Diodoro Siculo, consistevano in ben tre cinte murarie: la prima alta 7 metri, la seconda 14 e l’ ultima 30, tutte dotate di torre di guardia. Di queste fortificazioni non rimangono altro, però, che poche tracce. Nell’area più alta della città, riservata alla famiglia reale, sorgevano i magnifici edifici pubblici come i palazzi di Dario e Serse, l’Apadana, La Sala del Trono, La Porta di Tutte le Nazioni, la Tesoreria e l’Harem. Basta quel che ne resta per intuire la grandiosità di Persepoli ed immaginare l’impatto suggestivo dell’epoca: palazzi dalle 100 colonne, echi di squilli di trombe, linee e geometrie precisissime scolpite in massicci blocchi di pietra, scalinate dai bassi gradini per consentire agli antichi persiani con le loro lunghe vesti di salire verso i palazzi o di raggiungere la terrazza a cavallo. Lo splendore di Persepoli, però, durò appena due secoli. Infatti, nel 330 a.C., Alessandro Magno e le sue truppe saccheggiarono per giorni la città e in conclusione, a seguito d’una notte di eccessi, incendiarono i meravigliosi palazzi costruiti in pietra e cedro. Un gesto avventato di cui lo stesso condottiero si pentì presto: distruggere non è conquistare e possedere i luoghi del potere del nemico a mo’ di trofeo è pur sempre meglio che lasciarsi alle spalle rovine e cenere. Tappa obbligatoria del pellegrinaggio culturale di ogni iraniano, Persepoli è a tutti gli effetti l’emblema e il simbolo di una cultura millenaria ricca di misteri e di fascino che non lasciano indifferente nemmeno il pubblico occidentale: facile rintracciare tra i suoi resti quel filo conduttore fra culture diverse che racconta e spiega la vita dell’uomo. L’obiettivo di questa tesi vuole essere quello di portare maggiore attenzione su un territorio dalle risorse spesso sconosciute e poco valorizzate, concentrandosi sui recenti studi archeologici riguardo le antiche mura difensive di cui rimangono pochissime tracce e con l’intento di fornire un nuovo punto di vista sulla città, valorizzando al contempo quell’atmosfera di misticismo e floridità in cui le sue rovine sono immerse.
La quinta capitale. I giardini di Persepoli, nuovi punti di vista
FALCON, ILARIA
2017/2018
Abstract
Fārs, unique place for the evocative beauty of the landscape and for the extraordinary richness in historical-architectural terms, embraces part of the east coast of the Persian Gulf and goes up to the large closed basins of the Kermān. Inside it includes chains that rise almost to touch the 4000 m. The few watercourses are exploited for irrigation and the climate, very hot and humid along the coasts, becomes more temperate towards the inside. These territories are witnesses of centuries of history, of cultures and traditions: they have been marked, in fact, by the passage of great peoples. It is precisely here, in the heart of the plateau, that the ruins of Persepolis are erected, as evidence of a lineage, the Achaemenids, which brought the Persian empire to its full splendor and expansion. Persepolis was defined by the historian Diodoro Siculo as "the richest city under the sun", a representation of the magnificence and strength of the Achaemenid Empire. Strangely located in the middle of nowhere, far from any point of political or strategic interest: a grandiose city built to impress subjects and enemies and to underline the immense power of the Persian kings. The city stood against Mount Rahmat, in a mountainous region difficult to access about 60 km from the current city of Shiraz, reachable only during the spring and summer because in the winter the rains made the roads impassable. It was Darius I who ruled from 522 to 486 B.C. which began the construction of the city, in a place that had indicated Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire. It was then Xerxes, son of Darius, who completed the work. The site was designed not following the natural conformation of the ground, but creating a flat platform that leans from one side to the mountain, while the other three are supported by walls that follow the slope of the land. Walls that, according to Diodoro Siculo, consisted of three city walls: the first 7 meters high, the second 14 and the last 30 meters, all equipped with a watchtower. Only a few traces remain of these fortifications. In the highest area of the city, reserved for the royal family, stood the magnificent public buildings such as the palaces of Darius and Xerxes, the Apadana, the Sala del Trono, the Gate of All Nations, the Treasury and the Harem. Just what remains is to guess the grandeur of Persepolis and imagine the striking impact of the era: buildings with 100 columns, echoes of trumpets, lines and very precise geometries carved in massive blocks of stone, steps with low steps to allow the ancient Persians with their long robes of climbing towards the palaces or reaching the terrace on horseback. The splendor of Persepolis, however, lasted only two centuries. In fact, in 330 BC, Alexander the Great and his troops sacked the city for days and in conclusion, following a night of excess, burnt the marvelous buildings built of stone and cedar. A reckless gesture of which the same leader repented early: to destroy is not to conquer and to possess the places of the power of the enemy as a trophy is still better than to leave behind ruins and ashes. An obligatory stop on the cultural pilgrimage of every Iranian, Persepolis is in all respects the emblem and symbol of a thousand-year-old culture rich in mysteries and fascination that does not leave even the western public indifferent: it is easy to trace among its remains that common thread between different cultures that tells and explains human life. The aim of this thesis is to bring more attention to a territory with often unknown and little valued resources, focusing on recent archaeological studies regarding the ancient defensive walls of which very few traces remain and with the aim of providing a new point of view on the city, at the same time enhancing the atmosphere of mysticism and prosperity in which its ruins are immersed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Ilaria Falcon - La Quinta Capitale.pdf
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Descrizione: book tesi
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21.56 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 1.pdf
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Descrizione: inquadramento geografico
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1.93 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 13.pdf
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Descrizione: pianta sezione prospetto giardini
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14.18 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 14.pdf
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Descrizione: vista a volo d'uccello giardini
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6.13 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 16.pdf
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Descrizione: vista interna
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2.27 MB
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10537326_a4.pdf
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61.27 MB
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10537326_A0.pdf
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37.23 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 2.pdf
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Descrizione: zoom geografico
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509.59 kB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 3.pdf
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Descrizione: antica conformazione del sito
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2.14 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 4.pdf
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Descrizione: time line
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 5.pdf
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Descrizione: foto scavi e restauri
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2.71 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 6.pdf
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Descrizione: masterplan di progetto
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1.95 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 11.pdf
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Descrizione: concept giardino persiano
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4.43 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 12.pdf
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Descrizione: giardini persiani riferimenti
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2.29 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 7.pdf
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Descrizione: pianta scalinata e sezione archeologica
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1.57 MB
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2018_12_Falcon_tavola 10.pdf
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Descrizione: tavola esplicativa della scalinata
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2.35 MB
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2.35 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145462