Riverine floods are natural phenomena that affect many people living in floodplain areas and cause serious damages to the built environment, urban services and natural ecosystem. In this regard, the EU Flood Directive 2007/60/EC requires member States to establish flood risk management plans, in order to reduce the potential adverse consequences caused by flooding. This thesis has been developed within the research project Flood-IMPAT+ (an Integrated Meso and micro-scale Procedure to Assess Territorial flood risk), undertaken by the Politecnico di Milano in collaboration with the Po River District and the partnership of several other stakeholders. The project aims at improving the quality of flood hazard maps and at developing tools for quantitative damage assessment to residential buildings, agricultural sectors and other important assets, to be implemented in Flood Risk Management Plans (FRMP). The province of Lodi has been selected as a case study for the research work, because it was hit by a large flood in 2002 and several data are available for this event. After such event, several protective structures (banks) were designed, part of which are now in place while others are to be built in the future. The thesis assesses the effectiveness of the structural mitigation measures built on the hydraulic right of the Adda river, with tools developed by Flood-IMPAT+. Five return periods have been considered and, for each of them, hazard maps were produced for a condition before the bank construction and a condition with the new structures in place. The hazard maps were produced by two-dimensional river modelling, taking advantage of a preliminary calibration of the model with reference to the flood of 2002. For all the ten scenarios (corresponding to five return periods for two conditions), a monetary estimation of damages to residential buildings and agricultural activities has been obtained with the INSYDE and AGRIDE-c models, respectively. The yearly benefits of flood protection, quantified as the avoided damages, have been compared to the annual costs of the mitigation measures in a cost-benefit analysis. A positive result of the benefit-cost ratio (B/C) shows the usefulness of the structural defences. In order to supply a more comprehensive appraisal of benefits brought by the structure, damages to other assets, such as economic activities, important facilities and services, have been estimated in terms of exposure to flood; the results of the assessment should be also considered and included in a multi-criteria analysis. These non-quantifiable benefits would enrich the result obtained from the B/C, remarking the importance of a wider analysis in order to assess the efficiency of flood risk mitigation measures.
Le alluvioni fluviali sono fenomeni naturali che colpiscono un elevato numero di persone residenti in zone a rischio alluvionale e causano gravi danni all'ambiente costruito, ai servizi urbani e all'ecosistema naturale. A tale riguardo, la direttiva europea sulle alluvioni 2007/60 / CE impone agli Stati membri di definire piani di gestione del rischio di alluvione, al fine di ridurre le potenziali conseguenze negative provocate da questo tipo di eventi. Questa tesi è stata sviluppata nell'ambito del progetto di ricerca Flood-IMPAT + (una procedura integrata alla piccola e medio scala per valutare il rischio alluvionale territoriale), intrapresa dal Politecnico di Milano in collaborazione con l’Autorità di Distretto del Fiume Po e con la partecipazione di altri stakeholders. Il progetto ha come obiettivo quello di migliorare la qualità delle mappe di pericolosità alluvionale e di sviluppare procedure per la valutazione quantitativa dei danni agli edifici residenziali, ai settori agricoli e ad altri importanti settori, da utilizzare come base per i Piani di Gestione Rischio Alluvioni (PGRA). La provincia di Lodi è stata selezionata come caso di studio per il lavoro di ricerca, poiché colpita da una grave alluvione nel 2002 e perché diversi dati sono stati resi disponibili per questo evento. Dopo tale evento, sono state progettate diverse strutture di difesa (muri arginali e argini in terra), parti delle quali sono già state costruite mentre altre verranno aggiunte in futuro. La tesi valuta l'efficacia delle misure di mitigazione costruite in destra idraulica del fiume Adda, con modelli sviluppati da Flood-IMPAT+. Sono stati considerati eventi con cinque tempi di ritorno diversi e, per ciascuno di essi, sono state prodotte mappe di allagamento per una condizione antecedente la costruzione degli argini di difesa e per una con le nuove strutture in atto. Le mappe di allagamento sono state prodotte con una modellizzazione fluviale bidimensionale, a seguito di una calibrazione del modello eseguita con riferimento all'alluvione del 2002. Per tutti i dieci scenari (corrispondenti ai cinque tempi di ritorno per due condizioni), una stima dei danni in termini monetari per gli edifici residenziali e per le attività agricole è stata ottenuta utilizzando, rispettivamente, i modelli INSYDE e AGRIDE-c. I benefici annuali ottenuti dalla protezione delle alluvioni, in termini di danni evitati, sono stati confrontati con i costi annuali delle misure di mitigazione, all’interno di un'analisi costi-benefici. Un risultato positivo del rapporto costi-benefici (B/C) dimostra l’efficacia delle difese strutturali. Al fine di fornire una valutazione più completa dei benefici apportati dalla struttura, i danni ad altre attività, come le attività economiche e le strutture con servizi importanti, sono stati stimati in termini di esposizione alle alluvioni; questi risultati dovrebbero essere poi considerati e inclusi in un'analisi multi-criteri. I benefici non quantificabili in termini economici andrebbero certamente ad arricchire il risultato ottenuto dal B/C, rimarcando l'importanza di un'analisi più completa nella valutazione dell'efficacia delle misure di mitigazione del rischio alluvionale.
Flood damage assessment in support of the definition of risk mitigation strategies : the case of Lodi
GATTAI, EDOARDO
2017/2018
Abstract
Riverine floods are natural phenomena that affect many people living in floodplain areas and cause serious damages to the built environment, urban services and natural ecosystem. In this regard, the EU Flood Directive 2007/60/EC requires member States to establish flood risk management plans, in order to reduce the potential adverse consequences caused by flooding. This thesis has been developed within the research project Flood-IMPAT+ (an Integrated Meso and micro-scale Procedure to Assess Territorial flood risk), undertaken by the Politecnico di Milano in collaboration with the Po River District and the partnership of several other stakeholders. The project aims at improving the quality of flood hazard maps and at developing tools for quantitative damage assessment to residential buildings, agricultural sectors and other important assets, to be implemented in Flood Risk Management Plans (FRMP). The province of Lodi has been selected as a case study for the research work, because it was hit by a large flood in 2002 and several data are available for this event. After such event, several protective structures (banks) were designed, part of which are now in place while others are to be built in the future. The thesis assesses the effectiveness of the structural mitigation measures built on the hydraulic right of the Adda river, with tools developed by Flood-IMPAT+. Five return periods have been considered and, for each of them, hazard maps were produced for a condition before the bank construction and a condition with the new structures in place. The hazard maps were produced by two-dimensional river modelling, taking advantage of a preliminary calibration of the model with reference to the flood of 2002. For all the ten scenarios (corresponding to five return periods for two conditions), a monetary estimation of damages to residential buildings and agricultural activities has been obtained with the INSYDE and AGRIDE-c models, respectively. The yearly benefits of flood protection, quantified as the avoided damages, have been compared to the annual costs of the mitigation measures in a cost-benefit analysis. A positive result of the benefit-cost ratio (B/C) shows the usefulness of the structural defences. In order to supply a more comprehensive appraisal of benefits brought by the structure, damages to other assets, such as economic activities, important facilities and services, have been estimated in terms of exposure to flood; the results of the assessment should be also considered and included in a multi-criteria analysis. These non-quantifiable benefits would enrich the result obtained from the B/C, remarking the importance of a wider analysis in order to assess the efficiency of flood risk mitigation measures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145620