During recent decades, closed-loop supply chain which is composed of forward and reverse supply chain flows has gain more attention among global society due to initial reasons such as: environmental concerns about after-use effect of products, competitiveness and reputation of companies to higher position in eyes of consumers, profitability by reusing the products through reverse cycle flow, legislation policies imposed by governments, and scarcity of natural resources. However, by growing up supply chain networks and complexity, there are some challenges and problems which is needed to be considered. Information-related problems and transparency issues not just about the product but also about the different layers of supply chain parties are big controversial issues in the supply chain especially in backward/reverse supply chain. Therefore, for managing effectively forward and reverse flows, we need comprehensive, symmetric, and reliable information about the product through its life cycle, the engaged supplier, transparency and visibility among the whole supply network. Beside this, counterfeiting, grey markets, and safety in the whole product network are another problems to be considered. Consequently, to eliminate the mentioned problems, Information and communication technologies play a vital role in the whole supply chains. Among current available information technologies, blockchain and RFID technologies are the most relevant emerged technologies which have a great potentiality to solve the discussed problems in the whole supply chains to bring symmetric, trusted, and transparent information in the chain and increase product traceability, information sharing and planning. In this study, we firstly highlighted the current problems and challenges in closed-loop supply chain in order to prove the need and applicability of blockchain in this area. Then, by using a top-down approach, after discussing about the forward and reverse flows in closed-loop supply chains, the role of information and communication technology in reverse logistics and available technologies to support supply chains are considered. After that, a model/platform is proposed based on blockchain and RFID technology in order to solve information related problems in the closed-loop supply chain. And showed how this decentralized platform can guarantee the efficiency of the network and increase trust and transparency among actors in the chain. In addition, how to adopt it in reverse logistics. Furthermore, we made an example about how to implement the proposed system. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of such system and challenges issues are pointed out.
Negli ultimi decenni, la catena di approvvigionamento a ciclo chiuso composta da flussi diretti ed inversi ha guadagnato maggiore attenzione nella società globale a causa di molteplici fattori: preoccupazioni ambientali relative all'effetto del prodotto dopo l'utilizzo, competitività e reputazione delle aziende a livelli più elevati agli occhi dei consumatori, redditività legata al riutilizzo dei prodotti attraverso il flusso inverso del ciclo, le politiche legislative imposte dai governi e la scarsità di risorse naturali. Tuttavia, con la crescita delle reti di filiera e della loro complessità, ci sono alcune sfide e problemi che è necessario prendere in considerazione. I problemi legati all'informazione e le questioni di trasparenza non riguardano solo il prodotto, ma anche i diversi livelli dei partiti della catena di approvvigionamento sono grandi questioni controverse nella catena di approvvigionamento, specialmente nella catena di approvvigionamento inversa. Pertanto, per gestire efficacemente i diversi, abbiamo bisogno di informazioni complete, simmetriche e affidabili sul prodotto attraverso il suo ciclo di vita, il fornitore impegnato, la trasparenza e la visibilità dell'intera rete di fornitura. Oltre a ciò, la contraffazione, i gray market e la sicurezza dell'intera rete di prodotti sono un altro problema da considerare. Di conseguenza, per eliminare i problemi citati, le tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione svolgono un ruolo vitale in tutte le catene di approvvigionamento. Tra le attuali tecnologie informatiche disponibili, le tecnologie blockchain e RFID sono le tecnologie emergenti più rilevanti che hanno la grande potenzialità di risolvere i problemi discussi in tutte le catene di approvvigionamento per fornire informazioni simmetriche, affidabili e trasparenti nella catena e aumentare la tracciabilità del prodotto, la condivisione delle informazioni e la pianificazione In questo studio, abbiamo in primo luogo evidenziato i problemi e le sfide attuali nella catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso al fine di dimostrare la necessità e l'applicabilità della blockchain in questo settore. Quindi, utilizzando un approccio top-down, dopo aver discusso dei flussi forward e reverse nelle catene di approvvigionamento a ciclo chiuso, viene considerato il ruolo delle tecnologie di informazione e comunicazione nella logistica inversa e le tecnologie disponibili per supportare le catene di approvvigionamento. Successivamente, viene proposto un modello basato sulla tecnologia blockchain e RFID per risolvere i problemi relativi alle informazioni nella catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso. Il modello ha mostrato come questa piattaforma decentralizzata possa garantire l'efficienza della rete e aumentare la fiducia e la trasparenza tra gli attori della catena. Inoltre, come adottarlo nella logistica inversa. Inoltre, abbiamo fatto un esempio su come implementare il sistema proposto. Infine, vengono messi in evidenza i vantaggi e gli svantaggi di tale sistema e le sfide.
Opportunities of blockchain technologies in closed-loop supply chain management
REZAEE, MOHAMMAD
2017/2018
Abstract
During recent decades, closed-loop supply chain which is composed of forward and reverse supply chain flows has gain more attention among global society due to initial reasons such as: environmental concerns about after-use effect of products, competitiveness and reputation of companies to higher position in eyes of consumers, profitability by reusing the products through reverse cycle flow, legislation policies imposed by governments, and scarcity of natural resources. However, by growing up supply chain networks and complexity, there are some challenges and problems which is needed to be considered. Information-related problems and transparency issues not just about the product but also about the different layers of supply chain parties are big controversial issues in the supply chain especially in backward/reverse supply chain. Therefore, for managing effectively forward and reverse flows, we need comprehensive, symmetric, and reliable information about the product through its life cycle, the engaged supplier, transparency and visibility among the whole supply network. Beside this, counterfeiting, grey markets, and safety in the whole product network are another problems to be considered. Consequently, to eliminate the mentioned problems, Information and communication technologies play a vital role in the whole supply chains. Among current available information technologies, blockchain and RFID technologies are the most relevant emerged technologies which have a great potentiality to solve the discussed problems in the whole supply chains to bring symmetric, trusted, and transparent information in the chain and increase product traceability, information sharing and planning. In this study, we firstly highlighted the current problems and challenges in closed-loop supply chain in order to prove the need and applicability of blockchain in this area. Then, by using a top-down approach, after discussing about the forward and reverse flows in closed-loop supply chains, the role of information and communication technology in reverse logistics and available technologies to support supply chains are considered. After that, a model/platform is proposed based on blockchain and RFID technology in order to solve information related problems in the closed-loop supply chain. And showed how this decentralized platform can guarantee the efficiency of the network and increase trust and transparency among actors in the chain. In addition, how to adopt it in reverse logistics. Furthermore, we made an example about how to implement the proposed system. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of such system and challenges issues are pointed out.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145861