2020 is the target date indicated by European Union for the achievement of objectives with regard to emissions, use of renewable energies and energy efficiency. One of the most encouraged driver for their achievements is the combined heat and power system (CHP) so-called cogeneration, which is able to exploit the waste heat directly recoverable from electricity production process. Another cornerstone for this “green policy” can be found on District Heating system, able to reduce the greenhouse gases emission, as well as fossil fuel reduction. The present thesis work aims to analyze the application of CHP system, particularly CHP system with Internal Combustion Engine as prime mover, in District Heating system, continuing a previous thesis work redacted by Marco Casati and Chiara Chinetti called “Cogeneration and trigeneration systems sizing and control strategy optimization through an innovative software, integrated with a web application”, with the aim of analyzing the application of CHP system with Internal Combustion Engine as prime mover in tertiary, residential and industrial sector. The techno-economic trendline elaborated in that thesis work will be the starting point for the models developed in this thesis work, also extended to use of two CHP system simultaneously. First of all, will be illustrated the main technologies engaged in CHP system and the actual incentive mechanisms that contributed to their diffusion in Italy. Subsequently, there will be an overview on Italian district heating system, followed by a focus on thermal power plant already existence composed by CHP system with internal combustion engine as prime mover and back-up/integration boilers. Then, will be drafted a first model able to simulate the substation of a boiler actually operating in a thermal power plant with a CHP unit, analyzing the techno-economic feasibility for different motor size and heat demand. A second model instead will be able to evaluate the investment on a district heating system ex-novo: three case studies based on three different District Heating systems will support the techno-economic feasibility. Moreover, a further analysis will be computed in the case of District Heating distribution network expansion. Then also a comparison between different financing method will be faced on. Finally, will be illustrated positive effects on primary energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gases emission due to CHP unit and district heating combined system.
Il 2020 è la scadenza fissata dall’Unione Europea per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi in tema di emissioni, sfruttamento delle fonti rinnovabili ed efficientamento energetico. Uno dei principali driver incentivati in vista di tali obiettivi è l’impiego dei vari sistemi di cogenerazione, che, sfruttando la potenza termica di scarto come sottoprodotto utile della generazione elettrica, assicurano un potenziale risparmio energetico oltre che economico. Altro cardine di questa “politica green” è lo sviluppo delle reti di teleriscaldamento, in quanto consentono di ottenere non solo notevoli riduzioni di emissioni di gas clima-alteranti, ma anche un drastico risparmio nell’impiego di combustibile fossile. Il presente lavoro di tesi si prefigge l’obiettivo di analizzare l’impiego di motori a combustione interna in assetto cogenerativo nell’ambito del teleriscaldamento, proseguendo un altro lavoro di tesi di Marco Casati e Chiara Chinetti intitolato “Cogeneration and trigeneration systems sizing and control strategy optimization thorugh an innovative software, integrated with a web application”, che si prefiggeva l’obiettivo di analizzare l’applicazione dei motori a combustione interna in assetto cogenerativo e trigenerativo nel settore terziario, residenziale ed industriale. Le curve da solo realizzate rappresentanti le caratteristiche tecno-economiche dei cogeneratori saranno il punto di partenza del modello sviluppato, esteso poi all’impiego di due cogeneratori. Vengono dapprima illustrate le principali tecnologie adibite alla cogenerazione e gli attuali meccanismi di incentivazione che ne hanno favorito la diffusione in Italia. Si passa successivamente ad una presentazione generale del teleriscaldamento, in particolar modo nel contesto Italiano, quindi ad un approfondimento sugli impianti operanti con motori a combustione interna cogenerativi abbinati a caldaie d’integrazione e back-up. Segue la descrizione di un primo modello in grado di simulare la sostituzione di una caldaia già operante nella centrale termica con un motore a combustione interna in assetto cogenerativo, con l’analisi di fattibilità tecno-economica, valutata per differenti valori di taglia di motore e di domanda termica. Un secondo modello, invece, intende valutare la scelta di investire in una rete di teleriscaldamento ex-novo: tre casi studio basati su impianti già operanti supportano le analisi tecno-economiche. Una piccola analisi verrà poi eseguita sul caso di possibile estensione della rete di teleriscaldamento. Infine verranno illustrati gli effetti di diversi metodi di finanziamento. Si illustrano infine gli effetti positivi prodotti dall’impiego di un cogeneratore abbinato ad una rete di teleriscaldamento sul risparmio di energia primaria e sulla riduzione di emissione di gas clima-alteranti.
Cogeneration in Italian district heating : state of the art analysis, techno-economic feasibility and case studies development
GOZZONI, STEFANO
2017/2018
Abstract
2020 is the target date indicated by European Union for the achievement of objectives with regard to emissions, use of renewable energies and energy efficiency. One of the most encouraged driver for their achievements is the combined heat and power system (CHP) so-called cogeneration, which is able to exploit the waste heat directly recoverable from electricity production process. Another cornerstone for this “green policy” can be found on District Heating system, able to reduce the greenhouse gases emission, as well as fossil fuel reduction. The present thesis work aims to analyze the application of CHP system, particularly CHP system with Internal Combustion Engine as prime mover, in District Heating system, continuing a previous thesis work redacted by Marco Casati and Chiara Chinetti called “Cogeneration and trigeneration systems sizing and control strategy optimization through an innovative software, integrated with a web application”, with the aim of analyzing the application of CHP system with Internal Combustion Engine as prime mover in tertiary, residential and industrial sector. The techno-economic trendline elaborated in that thesis work will be the starting point for the models developed in this thesis work, also extended to use of two CHP system simultaneously. First of all, will be illustrated the main technologies engaged in CHP system and the actual incentive mechanisms that contributed to their diffusion in Italy. Subsequently, there will be an overview on Italian district heating system, followed by a focus on thermal power plant already existence composed by CHP system with internal combustion engine as prime mover and back-up/integration boilers. Then, will be drafted a first model able to simulate the substation of a boiler actually operating in a thermal power plant with a CHP unit, analyzing the techno-economic feasibility for different motor size and heat demand. A second model instead will be able to evaluate the investment on a district heating system ex-novo: three case studies based on three different District Heating systems will support the techno-economic feasibility. Moreover, a further analysis will be computed in the case of District Heating distribution network expansion. Then also a comparison between different financing method will be faced on. Finally, will be illustrated positive effects on primary energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gases emission due to CHP unit and district heating combined system.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Cogeneration in Italian District heating
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145863