The topic of Smart City is now at the center of the global political debate, since it appears to be one of the keys to achieving the strategic objectives of sustainable development set starting with the Tokyo protocol in 1997. The need to reduce greenhouse gases emission, to rationalize the use of resources through waste management systems and redesign new sustainable production processes and services’ provision, have also affected the urban environment, especially if we consider that future trends are likely to be highly urbanized, an aspect that increases the criticality of city’s infrastructure, mobility and quality of life. In this context, technological innovation fosters future scenarios in which the city becomes a smart system able to cope with urban problems. From a technological point of view, Smart City is a city that actively reacts to urban needs, through data gathering and processing systems enabled by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The aim of this research is to analyze the digital project that have been implemented in Italian cities, especially those that regards the energy sector. A digital energy project is a project that uses digital technologies to "control" energy consumption and, thanks to hardware and software systems for monitoring and operating the various energy sources, it allows the transmission and analysis of data. The analysis consists of a sample of fifteen Italian cities selected according to the ranking of I-city rate 2017. The Smart City concept has been evaluated according to six main pillars: Economy, Living, Mobility, Environment, People, Governance. Of these, only those closely related to the objective of the analysis were considered for the classification of projects. The pillars adopted for the assessment of the projects are: Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment. To assess the level of digitization of the cities, the main documents and strategic urban development plans available on municipal sites were analyzed, together with digital platforms such as Agenda, Smart City Web and Smart City National Observatory. Furthermore, where possible, there have been analyzed also the websites and documents relating to the specific projects. The projects were subsequently analyzed according to their digital contribution, by the presence of digital technologies implemented in urban environments. This procedure provides the final evaluation of the digitalization of cities and a researched-based comparison between Italian projects and some of the best practices adopted worldwide. From the information gathered, it is possible to deduce that the state of development of digital projects in Italy is held back by a series of regulatory and organizational constraints. Constraints such as these are manifested by the public administration. In particular, there is a lack of defined project management involving different actors, such as universities, research institutes and the private sector. In this scenario, no matter if the pilot projects implemented can verify the effectiveness of the technology or not, the active participation of the private sector is still lacking today. For this reason, we can deduce the importance of regulatory development, that can favor private sector investments in digital technologies to accelerate the development of Smart Cities.
Il tema delle Smart City è ormai al centro del dibattito politico mondiale, dal momento che risulta essere una delle chiavi per raggiungere gli obiettivi strategici di sviluppo sostenibile fissati a partire dal protocollo di Tokyo nel 1997. La necessità di ridurre le emissioni prodotte da fonti fossili, di razionalizzare l’uso delle risorse attraverso sistemi di recupero dei rifiuti e la riorganizzazione sostenibile delle filiere produttive e dei servizi, ha coinvolto anche l’ambiente urbano, soprattutto se si considera che i trend futuri prospettano una forte urbanizzazione, aspetto che incrementa la criticità del sistema città in quanto a infrastruttura, mobilità e qualità della vita. In questo contesto, l’innovazione tecnologica permette di prefigurare scenari in cui le città diventano un sistema intelligente in grado di far fronte alle problematiche urbane. Da un punto di vista tecnologico, la Smart City è una città che risponde attivamente alle esigenze cittadine grazie all’implementazione delle tecnologie ICT. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di analizzare lo stato di avanzamento dei progetti digitali che sono stati implementati nelle città italiane, ponendo il focus sul settore energetico (digital energy projects). In particolare, per progetti energy si intende tutti quei progetti che utilizzano tecnologie digitali per “controllare” i consumi di energia e che comprendono sistemi di trasmissione e analisi dei dati. L’analisi ha previsto lo studio di un campione di quindici città italiane, selezionate secondo il ranking del iCity rate 2017. Il modello utilizzato per classificare una Smart City si avvale di una suddivisione secondo sei Pillar di riferimento: Economy, Living, Mobility, Environment, People, Governance. Di questi, sono stati presi in considerazione soltanto quelli strettamente correlati allo scopo dell’analisi, ovvero: Living, Mobility, Environment. Per valutare il livello di digitalizzazione del campione selezionato, sono stati analizzati i principali documenti ufficiali e piani strategici di sviluppo urbano disponibili sui siti comunali, insieme ai progetti riportati su piattaforme di riferimento quali Agenda Urbana e Smart City Web. Inoltre, ove possibile, sono stati analizzati i siti degli enti pubblici/privati che hanno partecipato attivamente ai progetti. A questo punto, i progetti selezionati sono stati classificati secondo il contributo digitale che hanno apportato al sistema urbano. La ricerca dei progetti digital energy è stata successivamente ampliata a tutto il contesto italiano, data la scarsa presenza di questi ultimi nel campione di città selezionato. Infine, è stato effettuato uno studio dei progetti digital energy italiani con alcuni case studies esteri, in modo da valutarne il gap. Dalle informazioni raccolte, è stato possibile dedurre che lo stato di sviluppo dei progetti digitali in Italia è frenato da una serie di vincoli normativi e organizzativi che coinvolgono, in primis, la pubblica amministrazione. In particolare, è stata rilevata la mancanza di una regia di progetto definita che coinvolga differenti attori quali università, istituti di ricerca e settore privato e che possa favorire lo sviluppo di progetti digitali nel contesto urbano. In questo scenario, se da un lato sono stati implementati progetti pilota che hanno verificato l’efficacia della tecnologia, dall’altro manca ancora oggi una partecipazione attiva del settore privato. Per questo motivo, si deduce l’importanza di uno sviluppo normativo che possa favorire gli investimenti del settore privato in tecnologie digitali per accelerare lo sviluppo della Smart City.
Smart city and digital energy : analysis of the Italian scenario
URBINATI, ENEA
2018/2019
Abstract
The topic of Smart City is now at the center of the global political debate, since it appears to be one of the keys to achieving the strategic objectives of sustainable development set starting with the Tokyo protocol in 1997. The need to reduce greenhouse gases emission, to rationalize the use of resources through waste management systems and redesign new sustainable production processes and services’ provision, have also affected the urban environment, especially if we consider that future trends are likely to be highly urbanized, an aspect that increases the criticality of city’s infrastructure, mobility and quality of life. In this context, technological innovation fosters future scenarios in which the city becomes a smart system able to cope with urban problems. From a technological point of view, Smart City is a city that actively reacts to urban needs, through data gathering and processing systems enabled by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The aim of this research is to analyze the digital project that have been implemented in Italian cities, especially those that regards the energy sector. A digital energy project is a project that uses digital technologies to "control" energy consumption and, thanks to hardware and software systems for monitoring and operating the various energy sources, it allows the transmission and analysis of data. The analysis consists of a sample of fifteen Italian cities selected according to the ranking of I-city rate 2017. The Smart City concept has been evaluated according to six main pillars: Economy, Living, Mobility, Environment, People, Governance. Of these, only those closely related to the objective of the analysis were considered for the classification of projects. The pillars adopted for the assessment of the projects are: Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Environment. To assess the level of digitization of the cities, the main documents and strategic urban development plans available on municipal sites were analyzed, together with digital platforms such as Agenda, Smart City Web and Smart City National Observatory. Furthermore, where possible, there have been analyzed also the websites and documents relating to the specific projects. The projects were subsequently analyzed according to their digital contribution, by the presence of digital technologies implemented in urban environments. This procedure provides the final evaluation of the digitalization of cities and a researched-based comparison between Italian projects and some of the best practices adopted worldwide. From the information gathered, it is possible to deduce that the state of development of digital projects in Italy is held back by a series of regulatory and organizational constraints. Constraints such as these are manifested by the public administration. In particular, there is a lack of defined project management involving different actors, such as universities, research institutes and the private sector. In this scenario, no matter if the pilot projects implemented can verify the effectiveness of the technology or not, the active participation of the private sector is still lacking today. For this reason, we can deduce the importance of regulatory development, that can favor private sector investments in digital technologies to accelerate the development of Smart Cities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Smart City and Digital Energy_ Analsysis of the Italian Scenario.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145905