The World Health Organization has defined 1 − 13 mg/day as the safe and adequate boron dose for a healthy individual. However, excessive consumption of boron can lead to cardiovascular, coronary, nervous and reproductive problems. Humans are ex- posed to boron mainly through the consumption of fruit, vegetables and water but also through breathing air. For this, regulations are needed that limit the amount of boron present in drinking water, in groundwater and in surface water. Boron is also present in sea water mainly as boric acid. It is therefore evident that technologies are essential to reduce the content of boron in the waters. The main technologies used are ion exchange, reverse osmosis processes, electrocoagulation or electrodialysis or chemical precipitation. Lately, interest has been growing in purifying water with nanoparticles used directly as an active phase (dispersed or attached to a solid matrix) or as a vector on which another phase or another molecule is attached. Nanoparticles with particular coatings have shown a high absorption efficiency for organic and inorganic pollutants. The objective of this thesis is to use nanoparticles to remove boron from water. Specifically, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation of iron chlorides. The nanoparticles were functionalized with citric acid 10%, citric acid 20%, PVA 10% and curcumin 10%. Single-stage and multiple-stage batch tests have been conducted in both fresh and salt water. The magnetic properties have been exploited to separate the nanoparticles dispersed in the water at the end of the treatments. The water samples, before and after the treatments, were subjected to ICP to measure the boron concentration. The tests were carried out by varying different operating parameters such as the contact time between polluted water and nanoparticles, the concentration of used nanoparticles, the pH and the initial boron concentration of the polluted water.
L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità ha definito la dose di boro di 1 − 13 mg/- giorno come sicura e adeguata per un individuo sano. Tuttavia, un consumo eccessivo di boro può portare a problemi cardiovascolari, coronarici, nervosi e riproduttivi. Gli umani sono esposti al boro soprattutto attraverso il consumo di frutta, verdura e acqua ma anche attraverso l’aria respirata. Per questo sono necessarie regolamentazioni che limitino la quantità di boro presente nell’acqua potabile, nelle acque sotterranee e nelle acque superficiali. Il boro è presente anche nell’acqua di mare principalmente come acido borico. È evidente quindi come siano fondamentali tecnologie per abbattere il contenuto di boro nelle acque. Le tecnologie principali utilizzate sono lo scambio ionico, i processi a osmosi inversa, elettrocoaugulazione o elettrodialisi oppure per precipitazione chimica. Ultimamente, è cresciuto l’interesse per purificare le acque con nanoparticelle usate direttamente come fase attiva (dispersa o attaccata a una matrice solida) oppure come vettore su cui è attaccata un’altra fase o un’altra molecola. Nanoparticelle con particolari rivestimenti hanno mostrato un’alta efficienza di assorbimento per inquinanti organici e inorganici. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è utilizzare nanoparticelle per rimuovere il boro dalle acque. Nello specifico sono state sintetizzate nanoparticelle magnetiche attraverso una co-precipitazione di cloruri di ferro. Le nanoparticelle sono state funzionalizzate con acido citrico al 10%, acido citrico al 20%, PVA al 10% e curcumina al 10%. Sono state condotte delle prove batch a singolo stadio e multiplo stadio sia in acqua dolce sia in acqua marina. Le proprietà magnetiche sono state sfruttate per separare le nanoparticelle disperse nell’acqua al termine dei trattamenti. I campioni di acqua, prima e dopo i trattamenti, sono stati sottoposti a ICP per misurare la concentrazione di boro. Le prove sono state condotte variando diversi parametri operativi come il tempo di contatto fra acqua inquinata e nanoparticelle, la concentrazione di nanoparticelle usate, il pH e la concentrazione iniziale di boro dell’acqua inquinata.
Boron removal from water using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
De SANCTIS, FRANCESCA;CALDERONI, DARIA
2018/2019
Abstract
The World Health Organization has defined 1 − 13 mg/day as the safe and adequate boron dose for a healthy individual. However, excessive consumption of boron can lead to cardiovascular, coronary, nervous and reproductive problems. Humans are ex- posed to boron mainly through the consumption of fruit, vegetables and water but also through breathing air. For this, regulations are needed that limit the amount of boron present in drinking water, in groundwater and in surface water. Boron is also present in sea water mainly as boric acid. It is therefore evident that technologies are essential to reduce the content of boron in the waters. The main technologies used are ion exchange, reverse osmosis processes, electrocoagulation or electrodialysis or chemical precipitation. Lately, interest has been growing in purifying water with nanoparticles used directly as an active phase (dispersed or attached to a solid matrix) or as a vector on which another phase or another molecule is attached. Nanoparticles with particular coatings have shown a high absorption efficiency for organic and inorganic pollutants. The objective of this thesis is to use nanoparticles to remove boron from water. Specifically, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation of iron chlorides. The nanoparticles were functionalized with citric acid 10%, citric acid 20%, PVA 10% and curcumin 10%. Single-stage and multiple-stage batch tests have been conducted in both fresh and salt water. The magnetic properties have been exploited to separate the nanoparticles dispersed in the water at the end of the treatments. The water samples, before and after the treatments, were subjected to ICP to measure the boron concentration. The tests were carried out by varying different operating parameters such as the contact time between polluted water and nanoparticles, the concentration of used nanoparticles, the pH and the initial boron concentration of the polluted water.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145969