In this work, the feasibility of a transparent sol gel coating with antioxidant or antimicrobial properties for active food packaging on several polymeric substrates, provided by Sealed Air Srl, was investigated. Water-based silicon alkoxide formulations developed by Politecnico di Milano, containing three different active molecules, Vitamin E, Carvacrol and Nisin, were synthetized in an acid catalysis to obtain stable sol-gel coatings via coater technique. A chemico-physical characterization was provided to assess the optical properties (Haze and Clarity), sealability and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the coated samples. No significant differences were found regarding the optical properties, although the morphological analysis showed a not homogeneous coating structure. For what concern sealability on itself, each tested materials showed an increase in the temperature and the sealing time with respect to the reference ones, resulting not compatible with the industrial production process. Oxygen permeability analyses established that the silica network inside the coating was able to reduce the OTR of a permeable material up to 90%. The loaded active molecules amount was estimated right after the coating deposition by spectroscopic UV measurements in ethanol, as its subsequent release within 14 days. The antimicrobial activity of coatings containing carvacrol and nisin was evaluated using the ISO 22196:2011 test method, but it was not possible to attribute antibacterial activity to the tested plastic films. Finally, a preliminary industrial scale-up analysis was conducted. The aim was to change the discontinuous process into a continuous one and, starting from the analysis of the drying process, it was achieved a minimum drying time equal to 5 minutes to achieve a sufficient cross-linking of the coating. Moreover, several considerations on the tested coatings in accordance with the Food Law compliance were carried out. The approach shown appears to be promising for the development of mono-material coating solutions with improved performance in reducing oxygen permeability.
In questo elaborato è stata studiata la realizzazione di un coating trasparente per applicazioni di packaging attivo, realizzato attraverso un processo sol-gel su diversi substrati polimerici forniti da Sealed Air Srl. Tre diverse formulazioni, sviluppate dal Politecnico di Milano, della soluzione a base acqua contenente alcossisilani, ognuna contenente una diversa molecola attiva, Vitamina E, Carvacrolo e Nisina, sono state sintetizzate in catalisi acida per ottenere coating stabili depositati attraverso l’uso di una tirella. Ogni campione è stato caratterizzato dal punto di vista chimico-fisico per valutarne le proprietà ottiche (Haze e Clarity), la saldabilità e la velocità di trasmissione dell'ossigeno (OTR). Nel primo test non sono state riscontrate differenze significative, mentre per quanto riguarda la saldabilità su sé stessi, ogni materiale ha mostrato un aumento della temperatura e del tempo di saldatura rispetto a quelli di riferimento. Le analisi di permeabilità all'ossigeno hanno stabilito che il network di alcossisilani di cui è costituito il coating è in grado di ridurre l'OTR di un materiale permeabile fino al 90%. La quantità di componente attivo all’interno del coating è stata stimata in etanolo mediante uno spettroscopio UV, così come il successivo rilascio entro 14 giorni. L'attività antimicrobica dei rivestimenti contenenti carvacrolo e nisina è stata valutata utilizzando la ISO 22196: 2011, ma non è stato possibile attribuire un’attività antibatterica ai film testati. Infine, è stata condotta un'analisi preliminare di scale-up industriale. L'obiettivo è stato quello di trasformare il processo discontinuo utilizzato in laboratorio in un processo continuo: considerando il processo di essiccazione, è stato possibile valutare un tempo di asciugatura minimo del coating pari a 5 minuti, al fine di ottenerne una reticolazione sufficiente. Inoltre, sono state effettuate diverse considerazioni sui coating testati da un punto di vista di conformità con la legislazione alimentare. L’approccio mostrato appare promettente per lo sviluppo di soluzioni di rivestimento mono materiale con migliorate performance di riduzione della permeabilità dell’ossigeno.
Development of coatings for active food packaging and preliminary industrial scale-up analysis
COZZI, FRANCESCO
2018/2019
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of a transparent sol gel coating with antioxidant or antimicrobial properties for active food packaging on several polymeric substrates, provided by Sealed Air Srl, was investigated. Water-based silicon alkoxide formulations developed by Politecnico di Milano, containing three different active molecules, Vitamin E, Carvacrol and Nisin, were synthetized in an acid catalysis to obtain stable sol-gel coatings via coater technique. A chemico-physical characterization was provided to assess the optical properties (Haze and Clarity), sealability and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the coated samples. No significant differences were found regarding the optical properties, although the morphological analysis showed a not homogeneous coating structure. For what concern sealability on itself, each tested materials showed an increase in the temperature and the sealing time with respect to the reference ones, resulting not compatible with the industrial production process. Oxygen permeability analyses established that the silica network inside the coating was able to reduce the OTR of a permeable material up to 90%. The loaded active molecules amount was estimated right after the coating deposition by spectroscopic UV measurements in ethanol, as its subsequent release within 14 days. The antimicrobial activity of coatings containing carvacrol and nisin was evaluated using the ISO 22196:2011 test method, but it was not possible to attribute antibacterial activity to the tested plastic films. Finally, a preliminary industrial scale-up analysis was conducted. The aim was to change the discontinuous process into a continuous one and, starting from the analysis of the drying process, it was achieved a minimum drying time equal to 5 minutes to achieve a sufficient cross-linking of the coating. Moreover, several considerations on the tested coatings in accordance with the Food Law compliance were carried out. The approach shown appears to be promising for the development of mono-material coating solutions with improved performance in reducing oxygen permeability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/145993