Computerized Tomography (CT) is a diagnostic imaging technique that provides tomographic images (slices or body layers) by representing the various organs and tissues on the basis of their density, computed starting from the projection profiles of x-rays beams that cross the patient from different projection angles. Nowadays CT technology has evolved considerably, with the chance to acquire even 640 slices contemporaneously and also at different energy levels. Dual energy CT has primarily the goal to allow the radiologist to distinguish tissues that would not be distinguishable by inspecting a single image acquired at a single energy value. The present work was performed during the internship performed at the IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in collaboration with the Complex Structure Clinical Engineering. Scope of the activity performed was to monitor and document all the phases regarding the acquisition and installation of a state-of-the-art dual energy CT, manufactured by Siemens. In the first part of this work different approaches to dual energy CT pursued by major CT vendors are described with their strengths and weaknesses. Currently, mainly GE, Canon, Siemens and Philips do manufacture such kind of technologies. Then, as the purchasing was performed through a public tender, whose participants were the above mentioned, the latter is described first in general terms and then contextualized to the specific one indeed by the hospital. The tender was won by Siemens, whose tomograph (Somatom Force) was the second most expensive (1,665,000 € VAT free, 21.86/30 of economic score) after Canon one but qualitatively the best (70/70 of quality score). The device was delivered the 13/11/2018 with a delay of 3 weeks in respect to the scheduled date. Prior to the delivery hospital premises were modified and made adequate in order to correctly install the device; at the end of the installation the Mechanical installation certificate was successfully produced. The device acceptance procedure was then performed to evaluate system performances and image quality in respect to the norm and/or to what declared by the vendor; all values fell within their tolerance range.
La tomografia computerizzata è una tecnica di imaging diagnostico che fornisce immagini tomografiche (fette, spessori) rappresentando i vari organi e tessuti sulla base della loro densità, calcolata a partire dai profili di proiezione dei fasci di raggi x che attraversano il paziente da diverse angolazioni. Oggigiorno la TC si è evoluta notevolmente e consente di acquisire fino a 640 fette contemporaneamente, anche a livelli energetici differenti. La TC a doppia energia ha lo scopo primario di consentire al radiologo di discernere tessuti non distinguibili con l’osservazione di un’unica immagine acquisita ad un singolo livello energetico. Il presente elaborato è frutto del tirocinio svolto presso l’IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, in collaborazione con la Struttura Complessa Ingegneria Clinica. Scopo dell’attività è stato quello di monitorare e documentare tutte le fasi relative all’acquisizione ed installazione di un tomografo a doppia energia di ultima generazione, prodotto da Siemens. Nella prima parte dell’elaborato i diversi approcci alla TC a doppia energia, da parte dei maggiori venditori, sono descritti ponendo in rilievo i rispettivi punti di forza. Allo stato attuale i principali produttori di questo tipo di tecnologia sono Canon, GE, Siemens e Philips. L'acquisto dell'apparecchiatura è avvenuto a seguito di una gara d'appalto cui hanno preso parte tutti i produttori sopra elencati. Inizialmente si è provveduto ad illustrare lo svolgimento di una generica gara d'appalto ed infine si è entrati più nello specifico illustrando in dettaglio lo svolgimento della gara indetta dall'ospedale stesso. L’appalto è stato vinto da Siemens, il cui tomografo (Somatom Force) è risultato essere il secondo più costoso (1,665,000 €, IVA esclusa, 21.86/30 di punteggio economico) dopo quello offerto da Canon ma a livello di qualità decisamente il migliore (70/70 di punteggio qualitativo). Il tomografo è stato consegnato all’Istituto il 13/11/2018 con un ritardo di 3 settimane rispetto a quanto programmato. Prima dell’installazione i locali sono stati predisposti e gli impianti sono stati adeguati. Al suo termine, il Certificato di installazione meccanica è stato rilasciato con successo. Infine, è stata svolta la procedura di accettazione, allo scopo di valutare le prestazioni del sistema e la qualità d’immagine onde verificare la rispondenza rispetto a quanto previsto dalle norme e/o dichiarato da Siemens. Tutti i valori prodotti durante l’accettazione sono risultati essere entro i rispettivi range di tolleranza.
From the purchasing to the installation and set-up of a CT Siemens Somatom Force
CRIPPA, DARIO
2018/2019
Abstract
Computerized Tomography (CT) is a diagnostic imaging technique that provides tomographic images (slices or body layers) by representing the various organs and tissues on the basis of their density, computed starting from the projection profiles of x-rays beams that cross the patient from different projection angles. Nowadays CT technology has evolved considerably, with the chance to acquire even 640 slices contemporaneously and also at different energy levels. Dual energy CT has primarily the goal to allow the radiologist to distinguish tissues that would not be distinguishable by inspecting a single image acquired at a single energy value. The present work was performed during the internship performed at the IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in collaboration with the Complex Structure Clinical Engineering. Scope of the activity performed was to monitor and document all the phases regarding the acquisition and installation of a state-of-the-art dual energy CT, manufactured by Siemens. In the first part of this work different approaches to dual energy CT pursued by major CT vendors are described with their strengths and weaknesses. Currently, mainly GE, Canon, Siemens and Philips do manufacture such kind of technologies. Then, as the purchasing was performed through a public tender, whose participants were the above mentioned, the latter is described first in general terms and then contextualized to the specific one indeed by the hospital. The tender was won by Siemens, whose tomograph (Somatom Force) was the second most expensive (1,665,000 € VAT free, 21.86/30 of economic score) after Canon one but qualitatively the best (70/70 of quality score). The device was delivered the 13/11/2018 with a delay of 3 weeks in respect to the scheduled date. Prior to the delivery hospital premises were modified and made adequate in order to correctly install the device; at the end of the installation the Mechanical installation certificate was successfully produced. The device acceptance procedure was then performed to evaluate system performances and image quality in respect to the norm and/or to what declared by the vendor; all values fell within their tolerance range.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146119