Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a discrete stenosis in the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Treatment of CoA may be done either via surgical repair (e.g., by excision of the coarcted segment) or via implantation of a stent to re-establish a vessel diameter at the CoA site comparable to the diameter just proximal and distal to the narrowing. Both treatments have excellent results in relieving the pressure gradient caused by CoA in the short term; in the long term, however, there is a high recurrence of hypertension. Given the almost complete absence of adequate finite element (FE) models in scientific literature, the aim of the current thesis work is to develop a workflow to simulate the implantation of stents inside patient-specific FE models of coarcted aortas built from pre-operative images. Such a workflow would help clinicians to take informed decisions about the correct stent size and placement for every single patient and could be used by researchers for a deeper understanding of the causes of possible short- and long-term complications after CoA stenting. On this last point, some FE simulations were run using literature pressure waveforms for the inner surface of the aorta; the aim was to assess the consequences of stent’s placement on the aortic wall stress over the cardiac cycle.
La coartazione dell’aorta (CoA) è una patologia congenita in cui si ha un restringimento dell’aorta toracica discendente. Può essere trattata o per via chirurgica (e.g. tramite asportazione del segmento coartato) o tramite impianto di uno stent per ristabilire a livello della CoA un diametro del vaso comparabile al diametro che si ha prossimalmente e distalmente al restringimento. Entrambi i trattamenti hanno eccellenti risultati nell’alleviare il gradiente pressorio causato dalla CoA nel breve termine; nel lungo termine, tuttavia, vi è un’alta recidiva di ipertensione. Data la quasi totale assenza nella letteratura scientifica di adeguati modelli agli elementi finiti, lo scopo del corrente lavoro di tesi è sviluppare un workflow per simulare l’impianto di stent all’interno di modelli paziente-specifici di aorte coartate costruiti a partire da immagini pre-operatorie. Un workflow di questo tipo aiuterebbe i clinici a prendere decisioni oculate sulla corretta taglia e sul corretto posizionamento dello stent e potrebbe essere utilizzato dai ricercatori per acquisire una conoscenza più approfondita delle cause di complicazioni a breve e lungo termine indotte dall’impianto dello stent. A proposito di ciò, sono state condotte alcune simulazioni agli elementi finiti pressurizzando la superficie interna dell’aorta con curve di pressione da letteratura; lo scopo stato quello di valutare le conseguenze dell’impianto dello stent sugli sforzi in parete durante il ciclo cardiaco.
A novel computational workflow for the biomechanical analysis of aortic re-coarctation endovascular treatment
PASQUALI, MATTEO
2017/2018
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a discrete stenosis in the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Treatment of CoA may be done either via surgical repair (e.g., by excision of the coarcted segment) or via implantation of a stent to re-establish a vessel diameter at the CoA site comparable to the diameter just proximal and distal to the narrowing. Both treatments have excellent results in relieving the pressure gradient caused by CoA in the short term; in the long term, however, there is a high recurrence of hypertension. Given the almost complete absence of adequate finite element (FE) models in scientific literature, the aim of the current thesis work is to develop a workflow to simulate the implantation of stents inside patient-specific FE models of coarcted aortas built from pre-operative images. Such a workflow would help clinicians to take informed decisions about the correct stent size and placement for every single patient and could be used by researchers for a deeper understanding of the causes of possible short- and long-term complications after CoA stenting. On this last point, some FE simulations were run using literature pressure waveforms for the inner surface of the aorta; the aim was to assess the consequences of stent’s placement on the aortic wall stress over the cardiac cycle.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PASQUALI Aprile 2019.pdf
Open Access dal 05/04/2020
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146243