Global warming and CO2 emissions are nowadays terms of relevant interest for governments and research centers that are focusing efforts towards new policies and technology developments aimed to reduce the climatic impact from economic human activities. Calcium Looping (CaL) process is a post-combustion technology that in the mid-term future offers industrial competitive advantages in the process of CO2 sequestration from exhaust gases from coal-based boilers, representing high potential for application in the power generation sector. In this context, project FlexiCaL is presented as a solution that integrates a CaL plant to an existing coal-based power plant, sequestrating CO2 from the exhaust gas of the latter, while generating electricity thanks to the integration of an Ultra Supercritical steam plant, the CaLPP, that can aid to cover the demand peaks in the electric network. CaL systems are strongly dependent on the operative level of the coal-based plant, and any variation of the latter will be followed by the former, affecting the process parameters and potentially reducing the capture efficiency. To tackle this defect, FlexiCaL proposes the incorporation of a storage component in the CaL process, rendering the process uncoupled to a higher degree from the coal-based plant operation. The objectives of this Thesis are to develop a dynamic model of the CaLPP plant, based on the design developed by the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano, validate the model accurateness and assess its controllability as the coal-based plant goes through diverse load variations.
Al giorno d’oggi il riscaldamento globale e le emissioni di CO2 sono temi di primario interesse per i governi e i centri di ricerca di tutto il mondo, che stanno focalizzando la loro attenzione nello sviluppo di politiche e tecnologie volte a ridurre l’impatto climatico derivante dalle attività umane. Il processo di Calcium Looping (CaL) è una tecnologia di post combustione che nel medio periodo offre vantaggi industriali competitivi nel processo di prelievo di CO2, proveniente dal fumo di scarico di centrali a carbone, rappresentando un’applicazione ad alto potenziale nel settore della generazione d’energia. In questo contesto, il progetto FlexiCal si presenta come una soluzione che integra un impianto CaL a un impianto esistente a carbone, catturando〖CO〗_2 dal fumo di scarico di quest’ultimo e generando elettricità grazie all’integrazione di un Ultra Supercritical Steam Plant, CaLPP, che può contribuire a soddisfare i picchi di domanda nella rete elettrica. I sistemi CaL sono estremamente dipendenti dal livello operativo dell’impianto a carbone, di conseguenza, ogni variazione di quest’ultimo sarà seguita da una variazione del primo, influenzando i parametri del processo e potenzialmente riducendo l’efficienza della cattura. Per far fronte a questo limite, FlexiCaL propone l’incorporazione di una componente di stoccaggio nel processo CaL, rendendo il processo separato dal funzionamento dell’impianto a carbone. I principali obiettivi di questa tesi riguardano lo sviluppo di un modello dinamico dell’impianto CaLPP, basato nel progetto sviluppato dal dipartimento di Energia del Politecnico di Milano, la validazione dell’accuratezza del modello e infine la valutazione del controllo dell’impianto rispetto a delle variazioni nel livelo di carico dell’impianto a carbone.
Modeling, simulation and control of an ultra-supercritical steam plant integrated to a calcium looping system
RODRIGUEZ GARNICA, HECTOR ANDRES
2018/2019
Abstract
Global warming and CO2 emissions are nowadays terms of relevant interest for governments and research centers that are focusing efforts towards new policies and technology developments aimed to reduce the climatic impact from economic human activities. Calcium Looping (CaL) process is a post-combustion technology that in the mid-term future offers industrial competitive advantages in the process of CO2 sequestration from exhaust gases from coal-based boilers, representing high potential for application in the power generation sector. In this context, project FlexiCaL is presented as a solution that integrates a CaL plant to an existing coal-based power plant, sequestrating CO2 from the exhaust gas of the latter, while generating electricity thanks to the integration of an Ultra Supercritical steam plant, the CaLPP, that can aid to cover the demand peaks in the electric network. CaL systems are strongly dependent on the operative level of the coal-based plant, and any variation of the latter will be followed by the former, affecting the process parameters and potentially reducing the capture efficiency. To tackle this defect, FlexiCaL proposes the incorporation of a storage component in the CaL process, rendering the process uncoupled to a higher degree from the coal-based plant operation. The objectives of this Thesis are to develop a dynamic model of the CaLPP plant, based on the design developed by the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano, validate the model accurateness and assess its controllability as the coal-based plant goes through diverse load variations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146327