Water as a resource is gaining increasing attention due to its scarcity. Over-consumption, improper management, destructive disposal practices have been challenging the water resources capability to regenerate. Industrial wastewater treatment and recycle could represent a solution, since industries have large responsibility for water consumption and wastewater generation. For this purpose, this thesis analyses industrial wastewater treatment with three aims: identifying the factors that determine the choice of treatment configuration in companies; comparing the firms’ standpoint with those of other relevant actors in the industry; comparing two different scenarios (Italy and Australia) to gain insights on the relevance of the context in shaping the decision-making process of firms. After the literature research, it was found that very few studies aim at constructing a comprehensive list of factors to consider when selecting the treatment configuration. Starting from the concept of wastewater configuration, that includes flow management, treatment location and effluent destination, a new framework of factors has been developed. Such list of factors has been submitted to 38 firms, belonging to the food and the textile sector, in Italy and Australia. The factors resulted clear, without overlapping, sufficiently detailed and relevant. The new framework, therefore, proved to be a complete and adequate tool to perform the analysis. In Italy, the most important factors resulted to be the influent related ones, while in Australia the economic and financial ones. For the second research objective, the same framework has been presented to regulatory bodies and utilities. In Australia, the Regulator showed an accurate understanding of the elements shaping companies’ decisions, while the utility over-valued environmental concerns. Instead, in Italy, the utility had deep knowledge of the firms’ problems. The results achieved will help shed light on the complex decisional problems of selecting a wastewater treatment configuration, and it could represent a useful tool for both companies and regulators to improve the cost- and eco-efficiency of the wastewater treatment.
L’acqua è oggetto di sempre maggiori attenzioni a causa della sua scarsità. L’eccessivo consumo, la cattiva gestione, pratiche di smaltimento inadeguate rendono sempre più difficile la rigenerazione delle risorse idriche. Trattare e riciclare le acque reflue industriali può essere una soluzione, dal momento che le industrie sono responsabili di parte importante del consumo di acqua e della generazione di reflui. A questo scopo, questa tesi si propone di analizzare il trattamento delle acque reflue industriali con tre obiettivi: identificare i fattori che determinano la scelta di configurazione di trattamento; paragonare la visione aziendale con quella di altri attori rilevanti nel settore, quali enti regolatori e impianti municipali di trattamento; paragonare due diversi scenari (Italia e Australia), per studiare la rilevanza dei fattori di contesto nel processo decisionale delle aziende. La ricerca in letteratura ha mostrato la mancanza di un’esauriente lista di fattori da considerare. Partendo dal concetto di configurazione, che include la gestione del flusso di acqua reflua, l’ubicazione del trattamento, la destinazione dello scarico, è stata sviluppata una nuova lista di fattori. Tale lista è stata presentata a 38 aziende per validarla e capire l’importanza relativa dei singoli fattori. I settori di riferimento sono quello alimentare e tessile. In Italia, la categoria di fattori principale è risultata quella relativa alle caratteristiche dell’acqua reflua, mentre in Australia la categoria economico-finanziaria. Per conseguire il secondo obiettivo, la stessa lista è stata presentata ad altri attori rilevanti nel settore, ovvero enti Regolatori e impianti municipali di trattamento. In Australia, il Regolatore ha dimostrato profonda comprensione degli elementi influenzanti il processo di selezione nelle aziende, mentre il gestore dell’impianto municipale sovrastimava l’importanza dell’impatto ambientale per le imprese. In Italia, invece, il gestore dell’impianto municipale ha dimostrato di conoscere i problemi affrontati dalle aziende. La nuova lista sviluppata si è dimostrata adeguata all’analisi svolta e gli intervistati non hanno evidenziato incompletezza o sovrapposizioni nei fattori. I risultati raggiunti portano un nuovo contributo nel comprendere il processo di selezione della configurazione di trattamento per le acque reflue industriali e rappresenta un utile strumento per le aziende e i regolatori per migliorare l’efficienza e l’efficacia del trattamento delle acque reflue.
Industrial wastewater treatment : new framework development for treatment configuration selection
NEGRI, MARTA
2017/2018
Abstract
Water as a resource is gaining increasing attention due to its scarcity. Over-consumption, improper management, destructive disposal practices have been challenging the water resources capability to regenerate. Industrial wastewater treatment and recycle could represent a solution, since industries have large responsibility for water consumption and wastewater generation. For this purpose, this thesis analyses industrial wastewater treatment with three aims: identifying the factors that determine the choice of treatment configuration in companies; comparing the firms’ standpoint with those of other relevant actors in the industry; comparing two different scenarios (Italy and Australia) to gain insights on the relevance of the context in shaping the decision-making process of firms. After the literature research, it was found that very few studies aim at constructing a comprehensive list of factors to consider when selecting the treatment configuration. Starting from the concept of wastewater configuration, that includes flow management, treatment location and effluent destination, a new framework of factors has been developed. Such list of factors has been submitted to 38 firms, belonging to the food and the textile sector, in Italy and Australia. The factors resulted clear, without overlapping, sufficiently detailed and relevant. The new framework, therefore, proved to be a complete and adequate tool to perform the analysis. In Italy, the most important factors resulted to be the influent related ones, while in Australia the economic and financial ones. For the second research objective, the same framework has been presented to regulatory bodies and utilities. In Australia, the Regulator showed an accurate understanding of the elements shaping companies’ decisions, while the utility over-valued environmental concerns. Instead, in Italy, the utility had deep knowledge of the firms’ problems. The results achieved will help shed light on the complex decisional problems of selecting a wastewater treatment configuration, and it could represent a useful tool for both companies and regulators to improve the cost- and eco-efficiency of the wastewater treatment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146582