In this work the rheological behaviour of sewage sludge was evaluated. The sludge samples were taken after different stabilization methods from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). First, thickened unconditioned sludge (TU) and thickened conditioned sludge (TC) samples, after polymer dosage by jar tests, were characterized in terms of dry solids (DS) and volatile solid content, pH, conductivity, capillary suction time (CST) and zeta potential. Then, two rheometer measurement devices were used in order to characterize the rheological properties of the different samples: the Brookfiled DVE Digital Viscometer and the Anton Paar MCR 502 Rheometer. Since the methodology was deemed the most important aspect of this work, a great effort was dedicated to preliminary rheometric measurements and tests in order to establish a standard procedure for further measurements. For the preliminary tests, the Brookfield viscometer was used to address sludge handling, achieve test reproducibility and to qualitatively asses thixotropy. On the other hand, preliminary tests of the Anton Paar rheometer were conducted to address sludge handling and to evaluate the parameters necessary for proper reproducibility in controlled shear rate, dynamic (amplitude and frequency) and creep and recovery tests. Good reproducibility was found for all tests and samples used. Viscosity curves were obtained with both devices, while flow curves, amplitude and frequency sweeps and creep and recovery were obtained with the Anton Paar rheometer. From these tests, rheometric parameters such as limit viscosity, yield stress and flow point were selected or calculated to evaluate differences among different WWTPs and different DS contents or polymer dosages. Different models, such as Herschel-Bulkley, Sisko and Cross models, were fitted in order to compare the experimental measurements carried out in the lab with those found in the literature. The model that best fitted the results achieved in this research was the Cross model. Finally, a relation between sludge characteristics and rheological parameters for dewatering applications was established between the CST and viscosity values when varying the DS content or the polymer dosage.
In questo lavoro è stato studiato il comportamento reologico dei fanghi di depurazione. I campioni di fango sono stati prelevati dopo diversi metodi di stabilizzazione da quattro impianti di depurazione (WWTP). In primo luogo, sono stati caratterizzati, in termini di contenuto di solido secco (DS) e solido volatile, pH, conducibilità, tempo di suzione capillare (CST) e potenziale zeta, campioni di fango ispessito non condizionati (TU) e campioni di fango ispessito condizionati (TC) dopo il dosaggio del polimero mediante jar test. Successivamente, sono stati utilizzati due dispositivi di misurazione per caratterizzare le proprietà reologiche dei diversi campioni: il viscosimetro digitale DVE Brookfiled e il reometro MCR 502 Anton Paar. Poiché la metodologia è stata considerata l'aspetto più importante di questo lavoro, un grande sforzo è stato dedicato alle misure e ai test reometrici preliminari al fine di stabilire una procedura standard per le successive misurazioni. Per i test preliminari, il viscosimetro Brookfield è stato utilizzato per ottimizzare la preparazione del campione, ottenere la riproducibilità dei test e per valutare qualitativamente la tissotropia. D'altra parte, sono stati condotti test preliminari del reometro Anton Paar per ottimizzare la preparazione del campione e per valutare i parametri necessari per una corretta riproducibilità nei test di velocità di taglio controllata, test dinamici (ampiezza e frequenza) e test di creep e recupero. È stata trovata una buona riproducibilità per tutti i test e i campioni utilizzati. Le curve di viscosità sono state ottenute con entrambi i dispositivi, mentre con il reometro Anton Paar sono state ottenute le curve di flusso, le ampiezze e le oscillazioni di frequenza e il creep e recupero. Da questi test sono stati selezionati o calcolati parametri reometrici come la viscosità limite, lo stress di snervamento e il punto di scorrimento per valutare le differenze tra diversi impianti e diversi contenuti di solido secco o dosaggi di polimeri. Diversi modelli, come i modelli di Herschel-Bulkley, Sisko e Cross, sono stati fittati per confrontare le misure sperimentali effettuate in laboratorio con quelle trovate in letteratura. Il modello che ha mostrato un miglior fitting dei risultati ottenuti è stato il modello di Cross Infine, è stata stabilita una relazione tra caratteristiche dei fanghi e parametri reologici per le applicazioni di disidratazione tra il CST e i valori di viscosità al variare del contenuto di solido secco o il dosaggio del polimero.
Rheological properties of sewage sludge
PELLEGRINO, FRANCESCO ALESSANDRO
2017/2018
Abstract
In this work the rheological behaviour of sewage sludge was evaluated. The sludge samples were taken after different stabilization methods from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). First, thickened unconditioned sludge (TU) and thickened conditioned sludge (TC) samples, after polymer dosage by jar tests, were characterized in terms of dry solids (DS) and volatile solid content, pH, conductivity, capillary suction time (CST) and zeta potential. Then, two rheometer measurement devices were used in order to characterize the rheological properties of the different samples: the Brookfiled DVE Digital Viscometer and the Anton Paar MCR 502 Rheometer. Since the methodology was deemed the most important aspect of this work, a great effort was dedicated to preliminary rheometric measurements and tests in order to establish a standard procedure for further measurements. For the preliminary tests, the Brookfield viscometer was used to address sludge handling, achieve test reproducibility and to qualitatively asses thixotropy. On the other hand, preliminary tests of the Anton Paar rheometer were conducted to address sludge handling and to evaluate the parameters necessary for proper reproducibility in controlled shear rate, dynamic (amplitude and frequency) and creep and recovery tests. Good reproducibility was found for all tests and samples used. Viscosity curves were obtained with both devices, while flow curves, amplitude and frequency sweeps and creep and recovery were obtained with the Anton Paar rheometer. From these tests, rheometric parameters such as limit viscosity, yield stress and flow point were selected or calculated to evaluate differences among different WWTPs and different DS contents or polymer dosages. Different models, such as Herschel-Bulkley, Sisko and Cross models, were fitted in order to compare the experimental measurements carried out in the lab with those found in the literature. The model that best fitted the results achieved in this research was the Cross model. Finally, a relation between sludge characteristics and rheological parameters for dewatering applications was established between the CST and viscosity values when varying the DS content or the polymer dosage.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_04_Pellegrino.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146604