Domestic refrigerators are a common appliance in developed and emerging economies around the world. These appliances consume significant energy globally and improving their efficiency is an important aspect of future climate change mitigation. It is widely understood that the energy consumption of household refrigerating appliances consume the most than any other appliances. This paper is regarding all the design test and validation of domestic refrigerators done at Whirlpool EMEA. The testing and validations of refrigerators are not very straight and simple but rather various tests including Energy consumption, storage, freezing, etc. is ben conducted to ensure the optimum performance and minimum satisfying requirements. In this process multiple components have been upgraded and checked whether it comply with the European standards or not. During these researches and developments, it also has been checked whether the energy consumption of these specific refrigerators is complying under European Rules and standards or not. There were few other tests also to check better defrosting with optimum design or components in the refrigerator. In this test processes it also has been taken into consideration some internal requirements to agree during the energy consumption tests before the product is released for production developments. In this paper it has been briefed regarding the processes involved in the refrigeration cycle and the components involved and their working principles. It has been also stated about the control flow in different types of refrigerator including the cooling circuit flow and how the components behave with respect to temperature and pressure. European standards rules and regulations with respect to testing of domestic refrigerators have also been described. It also clarifies the procedural setup for individual tests and how the global energy labels are classified. Initially 2 bottom mount products CB 243 and CB 283 are tested with the change of 2 new compressors specifically EMX70 and TH1116Y 3rd generation instead of old EMY70. These 2 refrigerators did undergo all the tests starting from Charge determination, regime, energy consumption, storage and freezing tests. And also compared the performance an efficiency of these 2 different compressors in refrigerators. All these experiments were carried under supervision and under the European standard regulations. The test report is then compared and verified with previous attained results which are in current production that whether new changes are increasing the efficiency and safer or not. Similarly, 2 more single door refrigerators RE 290 and RE 220 Automatic were also tested with a new compressor EMC26 Standardised and all the tests were carried out similarly to check the performance of the refrigerators due to this change of component. There are few other tests like Rise in test were also carried out on these refrigerators to check deformity in the performance of the refrigerator cabinets. With all these tests on refrigerators it has been later confirmed that whether the appliance is fitting inside the subset of minimum requirements of European standards or whether it is non permissible to develop and distribute in the markets. Specifically, energy consumption tests for each refrigerator has been taken into consideration as the major factor before implementing the new changes into production. Additionally, a specific test is conducted for checking collection of frost on stainless steel stop frosting plate instead of aluminium in specific refrigerators. In this test it has been checked whether the formation of frost is happening or not and also whether it is collected in the removable stop frosting plate or not.
I frigoriferi domestici sono un apparecchio comune sia nelle economie più sviluppate, sia in quelle emergenti di tutto il mondo. Questi dispositivi sono caratterizzati da un significativo consumo energetico ed il miglioramento della loro efficienza rappresenta un aspetto importante per l’attenuazione dei cambiamenti climatici. È risaputo che il consumo energetico dei dispositivi per la refrigerazione in ambiente domestico, superi quella di ogni altro dispositivo. Questo articolo riguarda il lavoro di progetto, test e validazione di frigoriferi ad uso domestico svolto presso Whirlpool EMEA. La fase di test e validazione non risulta una procedura lineare, quanto più una serie di test condotti per ottimizzare le prestazioni rispetto ai limiti minimi imposti. In questo processo diversi componenti sono stati valutati ed aggiornati per adeguarsi agli standard Europei. Durante l’attività di ricerca e sviluppo si è verificato che il consumo energetico, della specifica classe di frigoriferi considerata, fosse in linea con le regolamentazioni europee. Sono stati eseguiti alcuni altri test inerenti alle problematiche di sbrinamento. In questo scritto si riportano brevemente i processi fondamentali del funzionamento di un ciclo frigorifero, i componenti coinvolti ed il loro funzionamento. Si illustra inoltre il controllo della portata di fluido in diverse tipologie di frigoriferi e gli effetti che le variazioni di pressione e temperatura producono sul funzionamento dei componenti. Verranno descritte le norme e le regolamentazioni europee riguardanti la verifica di frigoriferi per uso domestico, descrivendo le procedure per i singoli test e la definizione delle classi energetiche. In questo processo diversi componenti sono stati valutati ed aggiornati per adeguarsi agli standard Europei. Durante l’attività di ricerca e sviluppo si è verificato che il consumo energetico, della specifica classe di frigoriferi considerata, fosse in linea con le regolamentazioni europee. Sono stati eseguiti alcuni altri test inerenti alle problematiche di sbrinamento. In questo scritto si riportano brevemente i processi fondamentali del funzionamento di un ciclo frigorifero, i componenti coinvolti ed il loro funzionamento. Si illustra inoltre il controllo della portata di fluido in diverse tipologie di frigoriferi e gli effetti che le variazioni di pressione e temperatura producono sul funzionamento dei componenti. Verranno descritte le norme e le regolamentazioni europee riguardanti la verifica di frigoriferi per uso domestico, descrivendo le procedure per i singoli test e la definizione delle classi energetiche. Inizialmente sono stati con considerati due modelli di frigorifero combinato, rispettivamente CB 243 e CB 283, per i quali si è valutata la sostituzione del compressore EMY70, con i più recenti EMX70 e TH1116Y di terza generazione. I due prodotti sono stati sottoposti a tutti i test, partendo dalla determinazione della carica, regime di funzionamento, consumo energetico, stoccaggio e congelamento, valutando le performance e l’efficienza dei due compressori. Tutte le prove sono state effettuate sotto la supervisione seguendo la normativa standard europea. I risultati sono stati verificati e confrontati con quelli precedentemente ottenuti dai modelli attualmente in produzione, valutando in particolare efficienza e sicurezza. Analogamente è stato testato il compressore standardizzato EMC26 sui modelli RE 290 e RE 220 Automatici, valutandone il funzionamento. Alcune altre prove come quello di Rise-in sono state effettuate per indagare la deformazione dei vani del frigorifero. Mediante questi test è stato possibile verificare che i dispositivi soddisfacessero i minimi requisiti imposti dagli standard europei o se invece non fosse possibile un ulteriore sviluppo e l’immissione sul mercato. Nello specifico, il consumo energetico per ogni frigorifero è stato considerato come principale fattore di selezione per l’implementazione delle modifiche nella nuova produzione. Inoltre, è stato condotto un ulteriore test per indagare la formazione di ghiaccio su (stop frosting piatto) in acciaio inossidabile piuttosto che in alluminio e determinare le zone di accumulo del ghiaccio rispetto alla piastra rimovibile.
Designing, testing and evaluation report on domestic refrigerators
NAYAK, DEBASISH
2017/2018
Abstract
Domestic refrigerators are a common appliance in developed and emerging economies around the world. These appliances consume significant energy globally and improving their efficiency is an important aspect of future climate change mitigation. It is widely understood that the energy consumption of household refrigerating appliances consume the most than any other appliances. This paper is regarding all the design test and validation of domestic refrigerators done at Whirlpool EMEA. The testing and validations of refrigerators are not very straight and simple but rather various tests including Energy consumption, storage, freezing, etc. is ben conducted to ensure the optimum performance and minimum satisfying requirements. In this process multiple components have been upgraded and checked whether it comply with the European standards or not. During these researches and developments, it also has been checked whether the energy consumption of these specific refrigerators is complying under European Rules and standards or not. There were few other tests also to check better defrosting with optimum design or components in the refrigerator. In this test processes it also has been taken into consideration some internal requirements to agree during the energy consumption tests before the product is released for production developments. In this paper it has been briefed regarding the processes involved in the refrigeration cycle and the components involved and their working principles. It has been also stated about the control flow in different types of refrigerator including the cooling circuit flow and how the components behave with respect to temperature and pressure. European standards rules and regulations with respect to testing of domestic refrigerators have also been described. It also clarifies the procedural setup for individual tests and how the global energy labels are classified. Initially 2 bottom mount products CB 243 and CB 283 are tested with the change of 2 new compressors specifically EMX70 and TH1116Y 3rd generation instead of old EMY70. These 2 refrigerators did undergo all the tests starting from Charge determination, regime, energy consumption, storage and freezing tests. And also compared the performance an efficiency of these 2 different compressors in refrigerators. All these experiments were carried under supervision and under the European standard regulations. The test report is then compared and verified with previous attained results which are in current production that whether new changes are increasing the efficiency and safer or not. Similarly, 2 more single door refrigerators RE 290 and RE 220 Automatic were also tested with a new compressor EMC26 Standardised and all the tests were carried out similarly to check the performance of the refrigerators due to this change of component. There are few other tests like Rise in test were also carried out on these refrigerators to check deformity in the performance of the refrigerator cabinets. With all these tests on refrigerators it has been later confirmed that whether the appliance is fitting inside the subset of minimum requirements of European standards or whether it is non permissible to develop and distribute in the markets. Specifically, energy consumption tests for each refrigerator has been taken into consideration as the major factor before implementing the new changes into production. Additionally, a specific test is conducted for checking collection of frost on stainless steel stop frosting plate instead of aluminium in specific refrigerators. In this test it has been checked whether the formation of frost is happening or not and also whether it is collected in the removable stop frosting plate or not.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146628