Selective oxidation of alkylaromatics gained important attention in the past decades and great efforts were made to implement a new class of homogeneous organocatalysts, based on N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). Due to its peculiar characteristics, NHPI is able to catalyse selectively the synthesis of alkylaromatic hydroperoxides. However, different limits for its industrial implementation are still present and must be faced. In this study, recently formulated NHPI-based lipophilic organocatalysts were synthetized and studied under different reaction parameters, in order to optimize ethylbenzene oxidation towards 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide. Being designed to integrate lipophilic characteristics, these catalysts ensure a lower operating temperature to accomplish complete solubilization in neat ethylbenzene while, at the same time, preserving the catalytic activity of NHPI. The role of two initiators of the catalytic cycle was investigated regarding the temperature and catalyst’s percentage. The effect of acetonitrile, as a polar co-solvent, was also studied and unveiled the limits of the solvent-free approach. The conversions (8-12%) and selectivities towards hydroperoxide (92-93%) obtained, were then compared to existing state-of-the-art industrial processes and the results showed similar performance, while running temperatures were more than halved.
Le ossidazioni selettive di idrocarburi alchilaromatici hanno ricevuto un’attenzione importante nei decenni precedenti e imponenti sforzi sono stati fatti per implementare una nuova classe di catalizzatori organici omogenei, basati su N-idrossiftalimmide (NHPI). A causa delle sue particolari caratteristiche, NHPI è in grado di catalizzare selettivamente la sintesi di idroperossidi alchilaromatici. Diversi limiti per il suo impiego nell’industria sono comunque presenti e devono essere affrontati. In questo lavoro, catalizzatori organici recentemente formulati, basati su NHPI, sono stati sintetizzati e studiati sotto diversi parametri di reazione al fine di ottimizzare l’ossidazione di etilbenzene verso 1-fenil-etil idroperossido. Essendo stati concepiti per integrare caratteristiche lipofiliche, questi catalizzatori garantiscono temperature basse per la completa solubilizzazione in puro etilbenzene, mentre, allo stesso tempo, preservano l’attività catalitica di NHPI. Il ruolo di due iniziatori del ciclo catalitico sono stati studiati in relazione a temperatura e percentuale di catalizzatore. L’effetto dell’acetonitrile, solvente polare, è stato inoltre studiato e ha svelato i limiti dell’approccio solvent-free. Le conversioni ottenute (8-12%) e selettività verso l’idroperossido (92-93%) sono state paragonate con i processi esistenti allo stato dell’arte e i risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato prestazioni simili, mentre le temperature operative sono state più che dimezzate.
Ethylbenzene aerobic oxidation : lipophilic NHPI as homogenenous catalyst for a solvent-free selective process
SELLERI, LEOPOLDO
2018/2019
Abstract
Selective oxidation of alkylaromatics gained important attention in the past decades and great efforts were made to implement a new class of homogeneous organocatalysts, based on N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). Due to its peculiar characteristics, NHPI is able to catalyse selectively the synthesis of alkylaromatic hydroperoxides. However, different limits for its industrial implementation are still present and must be faced. In this study, recently formulated NHPI-based lipophilic organocatalysts were synthetized and studied under different reaction parameters, in order to optimize ethylbenzene oxidation towards 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide. Being designed to integrate lipophilic characteristics, these catalysts ensure a lower operating temperature to accomplish complete solubilization in neat ethylbenzene while, at the same time, preserving the catalytic activity of NHPI. The role of two initiators of the catalytic cycle was investigated regarding the temperature and catalyst’s percentage. The effect of acetonitrile, as a polar co-solvent, was also studied and unveiled the limits of the solvent-free approach. The conversions (8-12%) and selectivities towards hydroperoxide (92-93%) obtained, were then compared to existing state-of-the-art industrial processes and the results showed similar performance, while running temperatures were more than halved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/146812