The whole world is facing a real danger and an ongoing problem that has already started decades ago, but yet, still increasing. A lot of remedies and actions were taken to solve this problem but, still, we need to adopt more sustainable solutions. As architects, we hold the responsibility of designing energy efficient buildings, and the best role model to learn from how to design such buildings is Nature. In that purpose, this thesis will explore the concept of Biomimicry, as one of the approaches of the concept of Sustainability, Biomimetic Building Skins as well as materials used in their design. Biomimetic Building Skins’ aim is to reduce energy consumption and increase occupant’s indoor comfort. The main inspiration for their design is found in Nature. However, the goal is not only copying the forms that we can find in nature, but also trying to understand how natural organisms function, how they have adapted to changes in environmental conditions and translate that to facade. Several examples of these facades are presented, both built and prototype. Having in mind their non-conventional form, the choice of materials for their design and, in general, the way that they are function with the help of new technologies that many are not familiar with, part of the work is dedicated to the possibility to discover whether people find these innovations acceptable or not, on which level, as well as the possible psychological impact that they could have on people living or working in a building with these facades. Bearing in mind all aforementioned, the online questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire was conducted by 74 respondents; 51 women and 23 men. The highest number of respondents belongs to the category of 41-60 years of age. The results have shown that there is a clear willingness of people to accept innovations in this filed, more specifically, the innovations regarding the new technologies used in the design of these facades (75.8%), choice of materials (37.9%), as well as visual appearance of these facades (38.5%). Regarding the questions about the feelings of privacy in relation to the building and building façade, even 59.1% of respondents thought that they would have the privacy on the same level as they do now, and regarding the feeling of security in relation to building 50% of respondents thought that they would not have the feeling of security living in a place with these facades. The interesting results show that these facades would probably cause feeling of claustrophobia in users of the building (66.7%). Inability to manually control the openings on the facades, in addition to temperature, light penetration and humidity, is found acceptable (56.1%). Finally, having all aforementioned in mind, major percent of respondents (43.8%) expressed their affection towards Kinetic Facades for the places where they would live, due to their visual similarity with today’s houses, while still opting for Smart Facades (37.1%) for the places where they would work. Analyzing results from the conducted online questionnaire, possible future guidelines as well as conclusion are given. It is clear that more research needs to be conducted in order to improve materials used in the design of these facades, given the fact that many of them are still under laboratory testing. Due to this, their application is, so far, limited, and for sure, has not reached their full potential. Data showed that there is acceptance of the appearance of these facades, however the acceptance is partial. It may be that the technological “jump” that has occurred is too big. In addition, the first step could be implementation of Kinetic Facades in buildings where people live, since their visual appearance is more similar to today’s houses. In order for them to be more widely acceptable, further improvement of materials, their application and form of building facades needs to be done.
Il mondo intero sta affrontando un vero pericolo e un problema costante che si è presentato alcuni decenni fa, ma che è ancora in crescita. Sono state prese molte iniziative per risolvere questo problema, tuttavia, e’ necessario adottare soluzioni sostenibili. In qualità di architetti, siamo responsabili della progettazione di edifici ad alta efficienza energetica e il miglior esempio di come progettare tali edifici è la natura. A tal fine, questa tesi esplorerà il concetto di Biomimetica come uno degli approcci al concetto di sostenibilità, Biomimetic Building Skin, nonché i materiali utilizzati nel loro design. L'obiettivo di Biomimetic Building Skins è ridurre il consumo di energia e aumentare il comfort delle persone che vivono in quei luoghi. L'ispirazione principale per il loro design si trova nella natura. Tuttavia, l'obiettivo non è solo copiare le forme che possiamo trovare in natura, ma anche il tentativo di capire come funzionano gli organismi naturali, come si adattano ai cambiamenti nell'ambiente e tradurli nel design della facciata. Vengono mostrati diversi esempi di queste facciate, sia costruite che prototipi. Considerando la loro forma non convenzionale, la scelta dei materiali per il loro design e, in generale, il modo in cui funzionano con l'aiuto delle nuove tecnologie, con cui molti non hanno familiarità, parte del lavoro è dedicato a scoprire se le persone considerano queste innovazioni accettabili o meno, a quale livello , così come il possibile impatto psicologico che potrebbero avere sulle persone che vivono o lavorano in un edificio con queste facciate.Tenendo presente quanto sopra , è stato condotto un sondaggio online. Il sondaggio è stato condotto su 74 intervistati; 51 donne e 23 uomini. La maggioranza degli intervistati appartiene alla categoria di età tra i 41-60 anni. I risultati hanno mostrato che esiste una chiara volontà da parte delle persone ad accettare innovazioni in questo campo, in particolare le innovazioni riguardanti le nuove tecnologie utilizzate nella progettazione di queste facciate (75,8%), la scelta dei materiali (37,9%), nonché l'aspetto visivo di queste facciata (38,5%). Per quanto riguarda l'esperienza della privacy in relazione all'edificio e alla facciata dell'edificio, addirittura il 59,1% degli intervistati pensa che avrebbe lo stesso livello di privacy di oggi e, in termini di sensazione sicurezza in tali edifici, il il 50% degli intervistati ritiene di non si sentirebbe al sicuro. Un dato interessante, dimostra che, tali facciate causerebbero probabilmente la sensazione di claustrofobia nel (66,7%) degli inquilini.L'impossibilità di controllare manualmente le aperture sulle facciate, quindi la temperatura, la luminosità e l'umidità dell'aria, sono considerate accettabili (56,1%). Infine, tenendo conto di quanto sopra detto, una grande percentuale di intervistati (43,8%) ha espresso un parere favorevole riguardo le facciate cinetiche nei luoghi i cui vivrebbero, questo per la loro somiglianza visiva con le case odierne, pur continuando a scegliere le Facciate intelligenti (37,1%) per i luoghi in cui lavorerebbero. Analizzando i risultati dei sondaggi condotti online, vengono fornite possibili linee guida e conclusioni future. È chiaro che sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per migliorare i materiali che verrebbero utilizzati nelle facciate, tenendo presente che molti di loro sono ancora al livello della ricerca di laboratorio. Per questo motivo, la loro applicazione è limitata e certamente non ha raggiunto il loro pieno potenziale. I dati hanno mostrato che l'aspetto di queste facciate è accettabile, tuttavia, l'accettabilità è tutt’ora parziale. Un possibile motivo di questo accettabilità’ parziale è il “grande salto tecnologico”. Pertanto, il primo passo potrebbe essere l'implementazione di facciate cinetiche in edifici in cui le persone vivono, considerando che il loro aspetto è simile agli edifici di oggi. Perché vengano maggiormente accettate, è necessario migliorare ulteriormente i materiali, la loro applicabilità, così come la forma della facciata stessa.
Smart materials in biomimetic building skin design. Psychological aspect and social acceptance as an innovative approach to viewing new type of facades
JOLIC, JELENA
2018/2019
Abstract
The whole world is facing a real danger and an ongoing problem that has already started decades ago, but yet, still increasing. A lot of remedies and actions were taken to solve this problem but, still, we need to adopt more sustainable solutions. As architects, we hold the responsibility of designing energy efficient buildings, and the best role model to learn from how to design such buildings is Nature. In that purpose, this thesis will explore the concept of Biomimicry, as one of the approaches of the concept of Sustainability, Biomimetic Building Skins as well as materials used in their design. Biomimetic Building Skins’ aim is to reduce energy consumption and increase occupant’s indoor comfort. The main inspiration for their design is found in Nature. However, the goal is not only copying the forms that we can find in nature, but also trying to understand how natural organisms function, how they have adapted to changes in environmental conditions and translate that to facade. Several examples of these facades are presented, both built and prototype. Having in mind their non-conventional form, the choice of materials for their design and, in general, the way that they are function with the help of new technologies that many are not familiar with, part of the work is dedicated to the possibility to discover whether people find these innovations acceptable or not, on which level, as well as the possible psychological impact that they could have on people living or working in a building with these facades. Bearing in mind all aforementioned, the online questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire was conducted by 74 respondents; 51 women and 23 men. The highest number of respondents belongs to the category of 41-60 years of age. The results have shown that there is a clear willingness of people to accept innovations in this filed, more specifically, the innovations regarding the new technologies used in the design of these facades (75.8%), choice of materials (37.9%), as well as visual appearance of these facades (38.5%). Regarding the questions about the feelings of privacy in relation to the building and building façade, even 59.1% of respondents thought that they would have the privacy on the same level as they do now, and regarding the feeling of security in relation to building 50% of respondents thought that they would not have the feeling of security living in a place with these facades. The interesting results show that these facades would probably cause feeling of claustrophobia in users of the building (66.7%). Inability to manually control the openings on the facades, in addition to temperature, light penetration and humidity, is found acceptable (56.1%). Finally, having all aforementioned in mind, major percent of respondents (43.8%) expressed their affection towards Kinetic Facades for the places where they would live, due to their visual similarity with today’s houses, while still opting for Smart Facades (37.1%) for the places where they would work. Analyzing results from the conducted online questionnaire, possible future guidelines as well as conclusion are given. It is clear that more research needs to be conducted in order to improve materials used in the design of these facades, given the fact that many of them are still under laboratory testing. Due to this, their application is, so far, limited, and for sure, has not reached their full potential. Data showed that there is acceptance of the appearance of these facades, however the acceptance is partial. It may be that the technological “jump” that has occurred is too big. In addition, the first step could be implementation of Kinetic Facades in buildings where people live, since their visual appearance is more similar to today’s houses. In order for them to be more widely acceptable, further improvement of materials, their application and form of building facades needs to be done.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147038