Within construction sites, interferences among companies are ones of the most insidious situations for workers, as they may arise from activities in compliant to safety rules, yet nevertheless dangerous for operating figures. During a 12-month internship in the construction of the new metro line 4 of Milan, the author observed tools and methods used by the Health and Safety Coordinator (HSC) to identify and communicate interferences among companies. The procedure, implemented on informatic support, employs construction site plans with highlighted working permanence areas. Despite its remarkable validity, this procedure presents two relevant limits. The first one is related to companies’ working areas, since if the HSC only took these zones into account, he would risk ignoring other areas which could be indirectly involved. The second one concerns the spatial information’s lack of traditional 2D plans compared to 3D models. From these conditions, an incomplete analysis of the interferences follows, which may negatively affect activities’ coordination. From the author’s literary review, it emerges that processes of Building Information Modeling and Management (BIM), as well as other disciplines, are hopeful for operational safety coordination. Then, working in a common data environment (CDE), a workflow has been developed based on drafting and weekly updating of BIM models referring to: working and construction sites’ progress status; working areas (modelled following the HSC basic lines); graphical simulations of activities using BIM objects; highlighting and informatization of areas where interferential problems could rise using BIM objects. To conclude, through CDE options, the models have been projected during companies’ coordination meetings. Subsequently, companies’ members have been asked to fill out a survey regarding to graphic and informative contents. Results have shown an overall appreciation for both contents, with a specific reference to the easiness of model’s understanding, the interferences’ identification and the utility to using them in construction sites as coordination support during internal companies’ activities. Therefore, it appears that applying this new procedure, BIM tools and methods may be efficient to detect, analyse and manage interferences among companies during construction phases.
Le interferenze tra imprese in cantiere sono tra gli eventi più insidiosi per i lavoratori in quanto possono emergere da attività, che nonostante siano svolte conformemente alle prescrizioni in materia di salute e sicurezza sul lavoro possono creare pericoli per altre figure operanti in cantiere. L’autore, durante uno stage di 12 mesi nei cantieri della nuova linea metropolitana 4 di Milano, ha osservato i metodi e gli strumenti utilizzati dal coordinatore della sicurezza per individuare e comunicare le interferenze tra attività. Il suo procedimento – attuato su supporto informatico – impiega planimetrie di cantiere con evidenziate le aree di presenza degli operatori. Questa procedura, seppure sia molto valida, presenta due importanti limiti. Il primo è relativo alle aree di lavoro delle imprese, poiché se fossero considerate solamente quelle si rischierebbe di trascurare altre aree coinvolte indirettamente nelle attività. Il secondo riguarda la carenza di informazioni spaziali, che le tradizionali planimetrie 2D hanno in confronto a modelli 3D. Da queste condizioni, consegue una incompleta analisi delle interferenze che può incidere negativamente sul coordinamento delle imprese. Dalla letteratura scientifica risulta che i processi di Building Information Modeling e Management (BIM), come per altre discipline, sono promettenti anche per il coordinamento operativo della sicurezza. Quindi, lavorando in piattaforma di condivisione dati (AC-DAT), è stato sviluppato un flusso di lavoro basato su redazione settimanale di modelli BIM inerenti a: stato di avanzamento dei lavori delle opere e del cantiere; aree di attività delle imprese (modellate sulla falsariga del procedimento usato dal CSE); simulazioni grafiche tramite oggetti BIM delle attività indicate; evidenziazione ed informatizzazione (sempre tramite oggetti BIM) delle zone in cui potrebbero insorgere problemi di natura interferenziale. Infine, attraverso opzioni presenti nell’AC-DAT utilizzata, sono stati proiettati i modelli durante il coordinamento delle imprese, alle quali è stata successivamente proposta la compilazione di questionario per validare l’applicazione dal punto di vista dei contenuti grafici ed informativi. Dai risultati è emerso un globale apprezzamento per entrambi i contenuti, con specifico riferimento alla semplicità di comprensione del modello e identificazione di interferenze ed all’utilità di utilizzo in cantiere come supporto al coordinamento interno alle imprese. Emerge, quindi, che metodi e strumenti BIM applicati attraverso questo flusso di lavoro possono contribuire in modo efficace all’individuazione, all’analisi ed alla gestione delle interferenze tra imprese durante le fasi costruttive.
Metodi e strumenti BIM per il controllo dellla sicurezza in corso d'opera nelle infrastrutture sotterranee. La stazione M4 di Milano-Dateo
MORCALDO, MIRKO ANDREA
2017/2018
Abstract
Within construction sites, interferences among companies are ones of the most insidious situations for workers, as they may arise from activities in compliant to safety rules, yet nevertheless dangerous for operating figures. During a 12-month internship in the construction of the new metro line 4 of Milan, the author observed tools and methods used by the Health and Safety Coordinator (HSC) to identify and communicate interferences among companies. The procedure, implemented on informatic support, employs construction site plans with highlighted working permanence areas. Despite its remarkable validity, this procedure presents two relevant limits. The first one is related to companies’ working areas, since if the HSC only took these zones into account, he would risk ignoring other areas which could be indirectly involved. The second one concerns the spatial information’s lack of traditional 2D plans compared to 3D models. From these conditions, an incomplete analysis of the interferences follows, which may negatively affect activities’ coordination. From the author’s literary review, it emerges that processes of Building Information Modeling and Management (BIM), as well as other disciplines, are hopeful for operational safety coordination. Then, working in a common data environment (CDE), a workflow has been developed based on drafting and weekly updating of BIM models referring to: working and construction sites’ progress status; working areas (modelled following the HSC basic lines); graphical simulations of activities using BIM objects; highlighting and informatization of areas where interferential problems could rise using BIM objects. To conclude, through CDE options, the models have been projected during companies’ coordination meetings. Subsequently, companies’ members have been asked to fill out a survey regarding to graphic and informative contents. Results have shown an overall appreciation for both contents, with a specific reference to the easiness of model’s understanding, the interferences’ identification and the utility to using them in construction sites as coordination support during internal companies’ activities. Therefore, it appears that applying this new procedure, BIM tools and methods may be efficient to detect, analyse and manage interferences among companies during construction phases.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147081