From the standpoint of the environmental impact, traditional buildings account for a dramatic amount of the total greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption; moreover, they are responsible for massive waste production. In recent years, the development of more sustainable alternatives, as raw earth, has been fostered to reduce the environmental burdens related to the pre-use and the after-demolition stages of building lifecycle. Accordingly, the scope of the following research, is to evaluate how the resistance against water of two types of earth (T2 and ABS) changes after the addition of natural stabilizers. As a discriminatory analysis, the adhesion test was performed to assess the maximum vertical load sustained and to check whether the stabilization could decrease the resistance. Whereupon, different conditions and intensities of exposure towards water were simulated: starting from the immersion test, whose scope was to analyze the response of the samples in a totally saturated environment, followed by the capillary absorption test which, instead, was designed to define the absorption capacity of earth and, the fog test, that was a preliminary investigation of the behavior of earth when not directly exposed to rain. At this point, the drop test, the most thorough method to simulate the erosive action of rainfalls, was developed using the rain chamber. Finally, to complete the characterization of the response to water exposure, the humidity absorption test checked the diffusion of vapor at a relative humidity of around 90%. Considering the empirical nature of the tests performed, albeit necessary in the geotechnical field, the results were evaluated to give physical explanations of the phenomena observed leveraging on the knowledge acquired during the previous thesis works.
Dal punto di vista dell’impatto ambientale, l’uso dei materiali tradizionali per l’edilizia contribuisce notevolmente alle emissioni totali di gas serra e al consumo di risorse; è, oltretutto, responsabile della creazione di un’ingente quantità di rifiuti. Negli ultimi anni sono state riscoperte soluzioni alternative, come l’uso della terra cruda, per ridurre l’impatto ambientale legato alle fasi di pre-uso e post-demolizione degli edifici. In questo contesto, lo scopo del seguente lavoro di tesi è l’analisi della resistenza all’acqua di due tipologie di terra (T2 ed ABS) dopo averle stabilizzate con additivi naturali. Come analisi preliminare, è stato eseguito il test di adesione per determinare il massimo carico verticale sostenuto e verificare se l’aggiunta di additivi modifichi la resistenza. Dopodiché, sono state simulate differenti condizioni ed intensità di esposizione all’acqua, a partire dal test di immersione, il cui obiettivo è l’analisi della risposta dei campioni nella condizione di totale saturazione, seguito dal test di assorbimento capillare il quale, invece, è stato disegnato per definire la capacità di suzione della terra ed il test di esposizione alla nebbia, per studiare il comportamento dei campioni quando non direttamente esposti alla pioggia. A questo punto è stato condotto il test della goccia, il metodo più preciso per simulare l’azione erosiva della pioggia e, infine, per completare la caratterizzazione delle due terre, il test dell’umidità, con lo scopo di quantificare la diffusione del vapore a un’umidità controllata del 90%. Considerando la natura empirica dei test descritti, sebbene necessari nel campo della geotecnica, i risultati sono stati discussi con l’intento di fornire spiegazioni fisiche dei fenomeni osservati, a partire dalle conoscenze acquisite durante i precedenti lavori di tesi.
Experimental characterization of the performances of naturally-stabilized raw earths against water action
GALIMBERTI, ALICE
2018/2019
Abstract
From the standpoint of the environmental impact, traditional buildings account for a dramatic amount of the total greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption; moreover, they are responsible for massive waste production. In recent years, the development of more sustainable alternatives, as raw earth, has been fostered to reduce the environmental burdens related to the pre-use and the after-demolition stages of building lifecycle. Accordingly, the scope of the following research, is to evaluate how the resistance against water of two types of earth (T2 and ABS) changes after the addition of natural stabilizers. As a discriminatory analysis, the adhesion test was performed to assess the maximum vertical load sustained and to check whether the stabilization could decrease the resistance. Whereupon, different conditions and intensities of exposure towards water were simulated: starting from the immersion test, whose scope was to analyze the response of the samples in a totally saturated environment, followed by the capillary absorption test which, instead, was designed to define the absorption capacity of earth and, the fog test, that was a preliminary investigation of the behavior of earth when not directly exposed to rain. At this point, the drop test, the most thorough method to simulate the erosive action of rainfalls, was developed using the rain chamber. Finally, to complete the characterization of the response to water exposure, the humidity absorption test checked the diffusion of vapor at a relative humidity of around 90%. Considering the empirical nature of the tests performed, albeit necessary in the geotechnical field, the results were evaluated to give physical explanations of the phenomena observed leveraging on the knowledge acquired during the previous thesis works.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147130