Studies show that hip fractures are generally located in the proximal femur. It is known that bone is a highly heterogeneous tissue throughout the body, and, while plenty of research has been conducted on the femur diaphysis, very few studies have addressed this subject while focusing on its proximal epiphysis. The aim of this study is to design a novel procedure that enables harvesting and testing of small specimens of cortical bone from the femoral neck. The harvesting procedure is tailored to the small-scaled specimens obtainable from the femur neck, a region that presents thin cortical tissue, and is curved in a double-saddle shape. After assessing the validity of the above, a total of 48 human cortical bone samples are tested. A three-point bending setup is chosen with the purpose of identifying elastic and plastic engineering constants such as the flexural elastic modulus, yield stress and strain, ultimate stress and strain, strength, and strain energy release rate. Results show statistically significant differences in the mechanical properties of the tissue between its lateral and medial aspect.
La frattura dell’anca è solitamente figlia di un cedimento della regione prossimale del femore, come emerge dagli studi presenti in letteratura. Ciò nonostante, solo poche ricerche sono state incentrate sulla caratterizzazione della zona dell’epifisi prossimale, mentre numerose sono quelle condotte sulla diafisi. E’ risaputo che le proprietà strutturali e meccaniche del tessuto osseo possono presentare differenze sia tra ossa di differenti distretti anatomici, sia tra regioni diverse dello stesso osso. Lo scopo di questo studio è, a tal ragione, quello di progettare una procedura atta a estrarre e testare campioni di osso corticale del collo femorale. Data la particolare geometria a doppia sella e l’esimio spessore di corticale che presenta il collo del femore, la procedura di estrazione dei campioni deve essere ponderata alle dimensioni ridotte di questi. Dopo aver verificato la validità di tale procedura, un totale di 48 campioni è stato testato tramite una prova di flessione a tre punti. Grazie a questa sono state determinate le principali costanti ingegneristiche, quali modulo elastico a flessione, sforzo e deformazione di snervamento, sforzo e deformazione massime, tenacità a frattura ed il tasso di rilascio dell’energia. I risultati hanno mostrato differenze statisticamente significative nelle proprietà meccaniche tra l’aspetto mediale e laterale del collo femorale.
An experimental procedure to perform mechanical characterization of small-sized bone specimens from femoral thin cortical wall
AIRAGHI, FULVIO;BONANNI, LIVIO
2018/2019
Abstract
Studies show that hip fractures are generally located in the proximal femur. It is known that bone is a highly heterogeneous tissue throughout the body, and, while plenty of research has been conducted on the femur diaphysis, very few studies have addressed this subject while focusing on its proximal epiphysis. The aim of this study is to design a novel procedure that enables harvesting and testing of small specimens of cortical bone from the femoral neck. The harvesting procedure is tailored to the small-scaled specimens obtainable from the femur neck, a region that presents thin cortical tissue, and is curved in a double-saddle shape. After assessing the validity of the above, a total of 48 human cortical bone samples are tested. A three-point bending setup is chosen with the purpose of identifying elastic and plastic engineering constants such as the flexural elastic modulus, yield stress and strain, ultimate stress and strain, strength, and strain energy release rate. Results show statistically significant differences in the mechanical properties of the tissue between its lateral and medial aspect.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147281