The millimiter wave (mm-Wave) frequency band is the last step for future generation wireless communication, representing the answer to the continue increased demand for high data-rate communications. In particular, connected autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation system are key fields where mm-Wave and high data-rate are expected to improve safety, efficiency and comfort of mobility, disrupting the paradigm of traditional human-controlled driving. However, the severe path loss faced at mm-Wave frequencies, along with the effects of the atmospheric absorption and human/environmental obstructions, might significantly hinder the communication performance if not properly addressed. A possible solution is to adopt large antenna arrays at both side of the communication system, so as to form sharp radiation beams and compensate the high path-loss. Such massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems are expected to become a pervasive technology in smart mobility applications, thanks to the feasible array dimension (proportional to the mm-Wave wavelength) and moderate energy consumption. In the first part of the thesis we suggest a dynamic mMIMO Channel Model in a real Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) scenario that takes in account multiple time-variant scatterers in terms of attenuation, reflection angle and delay. The millimiter wave (mm-Wave) frequency band is the last step for future generation wireless communication, representing the answer to the continuously increasing demand of high data-rate services. In particular, connected autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation systems are key fields in which mm-Waves are expected to satisfy stringent communication requirements and challenges. In fact, the paradigm of traditional human-controlled driving is going to be disrupted by advanced and artificially-driven systems that are expected to improve safety, efficiency and comfort of mobility. The enabling technology for widespread mm-Wave applications is the implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, that are expected to become a pervasive technology in smart mobility, thanks to the feasible array dimension and moderate energy consumption. On the other hand, their main limitation regards the need of alignment techniques to properly direct the transmitted power, as mm-Waves work with sharp radiating beams. In this context, this thesis discusses and proposes techniques for reliable mm-Wave channel modelling. Starting from already existing models, an extension to handle the dynamics over space and time in vehicular scenarios is introduced. This step is functional to the second contribution of the thesis. In fact, by this thesis we propose Beam Alignment(BA) techniques in which sensors assist the selection of the optimal pair ofTX/RX beampointers. The proposed sensor-assisted techniques are mathematically described and compared with respect to conventional alignment techniques. We propose different techniques of BA that exploit the long- term statistics of the channel that are accessible by vehicles. These methods avoid to search the optimal angle of transmission (which is computational expensive and sensitive to calibration errors) by identifying the beampointeras the eigenbeamformer associated to the dominant channel subspace, using a low-rank parameterization of the channel. Performance results indicate that it is possible to outperform conventional alignment strategies, avoiding time-consuming alignment procedures.
La banda di frequenza delle onde millimetriche (mm-Wave) `e l’ultimo passo per la comunicazione wireless di futura generazione, che rappresenta la risposta alla crescente richiesta di servizi di trasmissione dati ad alta velocità. In particolare, i veicoli autonomi e i sistemi di trasporto intelligenti sono campi chi-ave in cui ci si aspetta che le onde millimetriche soddisfino la comunicazione ela trasmissione dati con requisiti precisi e rigorosi. Infatti, il paradigma della guida tradizionale controllata dall’uomo verra interrotto da sistemi avanzati e guidati artificialmente che dovrebbero migliorare sicurezza, efficienza e com-fort della mobilità. La tecnologia che permettere la diffusione di applicazioni ad onde millimetriche `e l’implementazione di sistemi multiple-input-multiple-output massivi (mMIMO), che dovrebbero diventare una tecnologia pervasiva nella mobilità veicolare, grazie alla dimensione ridotta dell’array e al consumo moderato di energia. D’altra parte, il loro limite principale riguarda la necessità di tecniche di allineamento per direzionare correttamente la potenza trasmessa, poichè le onde millimetrate sono caratterizzate da gruppi di raggi sparsi. In questo contesto, questa tesi discute e propone tecniche per la modellazione dei canali mm-Wave. A partire da modelli già esistenti, viene introdotta un’estensione per gestire la dinamicità spaziale e temporale degli scenari veicolari. Questo passaggio `e funzionale al secondo contributo della tesi. Infatti, successivamente proponiamo tecniche di Allineamento d’antenne(BA) in cui i sensori installati nel veicoli aiutano la selezione della coppia ottimale di raggi TX / RX. Le tecniche proposte che utilizzano l’informazione dei sensori riguardo la posizione del veicolo sono descritte matematicamente e confrontate rispetto alle tecniche di allineamento convenzionali. Proponiamo diverse tecniche di BA che sfruttano le statistiche a lungo termine del canale accessibili dai veicoli. Questi metodi evitano di cercare l’angolo ottimale di trasmissione (che `e costoso dal punto di vista computazionale e sensibile agli errori di calibrazione) identificando il beampointer come l’autovettore associato al sottospazio del canale dominante, usando una parametrizzazione a rango ridotto (i.g. Low Rank) del canale. I risultati delle prestazioni in-dicano che `e possibile migliorare le strategie di allineamento convenzionali,evitando lunghe procedure di allineamento.
Channel modelling and beam alignment in mmWave massive MIMO V2X communications
PARDO, DANIELE FILIPPO
2018/2019
Abstract
The millimiter wave (mm-Wave) frequency band is the last step for future generation wireless communication, representing the answer to the continue increased demand for high data-rate communications. In particular, connected autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation system are key fields where mm-Wave and high data-rate are expected to improve safety, efficiency and comfort of mobility, disrupting the paradigm of traditional human-controlled driving. However, the severe path loss faced at mm-Wave frequencies, along with the effects of the atmospheric absorption and human/environmental obstructions, might significantly hinder the communication performance if not properly addressed. A possible solution is to adopt large antenna arrays at both side of the communication system, so as to form sharp radiation beams and compensate the high path-loss. Such massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems are expected to become a pervasive technology in smart mobility applications, thanks to the feasible array dimension (proportional to the mm-Wave wavelength) and moderate energy consumption. In the first part of the thesis we suggest a dynamic mMIMO Channel Model in a real Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) scenario that takes in account multiple time-variant scatterers in terms of attenuation, reflection angle and delay. The millimiter wave (mm-Wave) frequency band is the last step for future generation wireless communication, representing the answer to the continuously increasing demand of high data-rate services. In particular, connected autonomous vehicles and intelligent transportation systems are key fields in which mm-Waves are expected to satisfy stringent communication requirements and challenges. In fact, the paradigm of traditional human-controlled driving is going to be disrupted by advanced and artificially-driven systems that are expected to improve safety, efficiency and comfort of mobility. The enabling technology for widespread mm-Wave applications is the implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, that are expected to become a pervasive technology in smart mobility, thanks to the feasible array dimension and moderate energy consumption. On the other hand, their main limitation regards the need of alignment techniques to properly direct the transmitted power, as mm-Waves work with sharp radiating beams. In this context, this thesis discusses and proposes techniques for reliable mm-Wave channel modelling. Starting from already existing models, an extension to handle the dynamics over space and time in vehicular scenarios is introduced. This step is functional to the second contribution of the thesis. In fact, by this thesis we propose Beam Alignment(BA) techniques in which sensors assist the selection of the optimal pair ofTX/RX beampointers. The proposed sensor-assisted techniques are mathematically described and compared with respect to conventional alignment techniques. We propose different techniques of BA that exploit the long- term statistics of the channel that are accessible by vehicles. These methods avoid to search the optimal angle of transmission (which is computational expensive and sensitive to calibration errors) by identifying the beampointeras the eigenbeamformer associated to the dominant channel subspace, using a low-rank parameterization of the channel. Performance results indicate that it is possible to outperform conventional alignment strategies, avoiding time-consuming alignment procedures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
DanielePardo_MasterThesis_April2019.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Testo della Tesi
Dimensione
6.94 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.94 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147358