The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) industry during the past years approached the Building Information Modeling’s (BIM) world: a digital process involving all steps of the architectural project. Controlling wholesomely the different phases become possible through the construction of a Building Information Model, a digital model operating on different dimensions that includes all the necessary information related to a building. It was possible to develop this technology thanks to the combined work of software developers, users and legislative authorities in charge of rules regulating all the construction processes. All the parts involved need a singular model to work on, in order to add or optimize information on the building; for this reason it is necessary to have a digital model that can be open using different software and that is interoperable. BuildingSMART International is trying to pursuit this goal; it is an international organization committed to the spreading of open sources for digital data sharing. Their work is focused on exchanging information between different software, making them readable and editable using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). IFC is an open source not linked to any particular manufacturer used to classify information following a hierarchical model and designed to support the passage of the same model through several software. IFC is related to the world of constructions, constantly evolving. Since 2016 European Union encouraged architects and contractors to use it. Some studies made on the structure of the IFC, identified the hierarchical structure characterizing this system, that is how was possible to create an interoperable model. BuildingSMART identified which BIM software allowed collaboration with open sources in order to create the license of OpenBIM: a certification gave to these programs that allow import and export of IFC files. AEC Industry’s experts need to work with these programs in order to understand and design buildings in their complexity; each part involved in the process has to intervene and modify the information related to its work. This thesis focused on one of the problems of this approach: the interoperability between different software’s platforms and all the tools required and used to import and export the digital model. In this essay the attention is shifted on two different programs: Graphisoft’s Archicad 22 and Autodesk’s Revit 2019. The same digital model has been built in both software, following the IFC code, in order to verify a possible communication between the two programs, and to identify limits and potentials of these tools.
Il mondo delle costruzioni si sta sempre più relazionando al Building Information Modeling (BIM), un processo che coinvolge le diverse fasi del ciclo di vita di un edificio, possibile grazie al Building Information Model, un modello informativo multidimensionale dell’edificio che contiene tutte le informazioni ad esso associate. Questa nuova metodologia nasce dall’interazione tra gli sviluppatori di software, fondamentali per realizzare il modello informativo, gli utenti dell’industria AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) e la normativa, che regola il processo edilizio. Essendo il BIM una metodologia che coinvolge l’intero ciclo di vita dell’edificio, comprende tutti gli attori che prendono parte al processo di progettazione, realizzazione e dismissione. Gli utenti coinvolti hanno la necessità di lavorare sul medesimo modello e di conseguenza quest’ultimo deve essere aperto ed interoperabile. La BuildingSMART International è un organismo internazionale che si impegna a diffondere standard aperti per la condivisione dei dati digitali, si occupa di rendere possibile lo scambio di informazioni tra i diversi software presenti sul mercato, tramite Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), un modello aperto di gerarchizzazione delle informazioni, non collegato a nessun produttore specifico, progettato per sostenere l’interoperabilità tra le diverse applicazioni. Quest’ultimo, dovendosi rapportare alle necessità del mondo delle costruzioni, è in continua evoluzione e dal 2016 i governi dell’Unione Europea ne stanno promuovendo l’utilizzo. Lo studio effettuato parte dall’analisi della struttura di un file IFC, ne individua la struttura gerarchica e le diverse entità che lo compongono, per andare successivamente a realizzare un progetto interoperabile. La BuildingSMART individua quali software BIM permettono la collaborazione basata su standard e flussi di lavoro aperti, si tratta di programmi certificati OpenBIM che consentono di importare ed esportare modelli in formato IFC. I professionisti del settore necessitano di relazionarsi a questi ultimi a causa della complessità del processo edilizio, ogni attore deve intervenire personalmente per trasferire e stabilire le informazioni rilevanti per il suo lavoro. In questo caso si è scelto di concentrarsi su uno dei problemi principali di questa metodologia, l’interoperabilità piattaforma-piattaforma, cioè lo scambio di informazioni tra due applicazioni destinate alla progettazione che supportano sia l’importazione che l’esportazione del modello. In particolare sono stati analizzati i programmi Graphisoft Archicad 22 e Autodesk Revit 2019, è stato realizzato il medesimo modello in entrambe le piattaforme, secondo il linguaggio IFC, per verificare se la comunicazione tra essi fosse possibile e per individuare quali fossero i limiti e le potenzialità di questi strumenti.
La comunicazione nel processo edilizio. Building information modeling e interoperabilità nel settore delle costruzioni
CAPELLA, GIULIA
2017/2018
Abstract
The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) industry during the past years approached the Building Information Modeling’s (BIM) world: a digital process involving all steps of the architectural project. Controlling wholesomely the different phases become possible through the construction of a Building Information Model, a digital model operating on different dimensions that includes all the necessary information related to a building. It was possible to develop this technology thanks to the combined work of software developers, users and legislative authorities in charge of rules regulating all the construction processes. All the parts involved need a singular model to work on, in order to add or optimize information on the building; for this reason it is necessary to have a digital model that can be open using different software and that is interoperable. BuildingSMART International is trying to pursuit this goal; it is an international organization committed to the spreading of open sources for digital data sharing. Their work is focused on exchanging information between different software, making them readable and editable using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). IFC is an open source not linked to any particular manufacturer used to classify information following a hierarchical model and designed to support the passage of the same model through several software. IFC is related to the world of constructions, constantly evolving. Since 2016 European Union encouraged architects and contractors to use it. Some studies made on the structure of the IFC, identified the hierarchical structure characterizing this system, that is how was possible to create an interoperable model. BuildingSMART identified which BIM software allowed collaboration with open sources in order to create the license of OpenBIM: a certification gave to these programs that allow import and export of IFC files. AEC Industry’s experts need to work with these programs in order to understand and design buildings in their complexity; each part involved in the process has to intervene and modify the information related to its work. This thesis focused on one of the problems of this approach: the interoperability between different software’s platforms and all the tools required and used to import and export the digital model. In this essay the attention is shifted on two different programs: Graphisoft’s Archicad 22 and Autodesk’s Revit 2019. The same digital model has been built in both software, following the IFC code, in order to verify a possible communication between the two programs, and to identify limits and potentials of these tools.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI Giulia Capella.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147659