Evidence-Based Design (EBD) is a multidisciplinary field of research developing in Architectural Design, in particular applied to healthcare buildings. EBD is based on the assumption that environment influences users’ feelings / behavior / habits and that this influence can be scientifically measured, proved and used as input for the design hypothesis. From the analysis of the scientific literature, it results that few studies within the EBD analyze the relationship between physical environment and psycho-physical outcomes of physicians. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis of the quality of physical environment and the indoor weel-being of the medical staff of San Gerardo Medical Hospital in Monza; we have compared the physician’s offices located in Sector A (Office A) and those located in Sector C (Office C). We interviewed medical staff with a structured questionnaire in order to evaluated how environmental elements can affect the work performance, fatigue, job-related stress and job satisfaction of physicians. Physical environment was investigated in terms of characteristics of physical space, daylight and artificial light, temperature and humidity, ventilation, acoustics and location of physician’s offices. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and to the Student's T test which allowed us to concentrate our observations only on the parameters in which there was a significant difference between the two types of physician’s office; it results to be physical environment, daylight and artificial light, and location of physician’s offices. Finally a correlation analysis was performed between the items considered. We find how the current characteristics of the working environment and the type of furniture, in both offices, significantly affect all the items analyzed. The design choice adopted for daylight influences the visual comfort and affects the psycho-physical well-being of medical staff. It should be preferred a type of window with vertical development respect to a horizontal development; an efficient system of shadow is also important. Artificial light mainly affects stress levels compared to daily fatigue and work performance; therefore an adequate choice of artificial light systems and an accurate integration with daylight is necessary. The different location of physician’s offices has a different influence on psycho-physical outcomes and it is necessary to create spaces reserved only for medical staff. In conclusion, integrating the results obtained together with observation and scientific literature data, we outline project inputs with the aim of identifying architectural and technological methods for a physician’s offices that allow the well-being indoor of medical staff.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca si sviluppa nel campo dell’Evidence-Based Design (EBD), ambito di studio multidisciplinare che si sta sviluppando nella progettazione architettonica, in particolare in quella delle architetture sanitarie. L’EBD si basa sul presupposto che l'ambiente costruito può influenzare il benessere psicofisico dei suoi utenti producendo effetti misurabili e quantificabili oggettivamente; essi costituiscono delle “prove di evidenza” e rappresentano l’input per la definizione di diverse ipotesi progettuali. Dall’analisi della letteratura si evince come un ambito poco studiato all’interno dell’EBD sia la relazione tra ambiente fisico e outcomes psico-fisici del personale medico sanitario. Lo studio si propone pertanto di valutare le qualità dell’ambiente fisico e il benessere indoor per il personale medico-sanitario. La metodologia di indagine, strutturata a partire dall’analisi della letteratura e degli strumenti di valutazione esistenti nel campo dell’organizzazione sanitaria e dell’architettura, è stata applicata sul caso studio dell’ospedale San Gerardo di Monza, confrontando gli studi medici presenti nel settore A (Studi A) e quelli situati nel settore C (Studi C). La ricerca è stata condotta somministrando al personale un questionario di valutazione finalizzato a indagare come le caratteristiche degli studi medici di degenza influenzino le prestazioni lavorative, l’affaticamento giornaliero, lo stress e la soddisfazione. L’ambiente fisico è stato indagato in termini di caratteristiche dell’ambiente interno, illuminazione naturale e artificiale, temperatura e umidità, ventilazione, acustica e localizzazione degli studi all’interno della struttura sanitaria. I dati ottenuti sono stati sottoposti ad analisi statistica descrittiva e al test T di Student che ci ha permesso di concentrare le nostre osservazioni solamente sui parametri in cui vi era una differenza significativa tra le due tipologie di studi medici, risultati essere ambiente interno, illuminazione naturale e artificiale e localizzazione. Infine è stata eseguita un’analisi di correlazione tra gli items considerati. È emerso come le attuali caratteristiche dell’ambiente di lavoro e la tipologia di arredo, in entrambi gli studi, incidano notevolmente su tutti gli items analizzati. La scelta progettuale adottata per l’illuminazione naturale influisce sul comfort visivo e incide sul benessere psico-fisico del personale medico-sanitario, facendo prediligere una tipologia di serramento a sviluppo verticale rispetto ad una a sviluppo orizzontale e facendo emergere l’importanza di adeguati sistemi di oscuramento. L’illuminazione artificiale incide principalmente sui livelli di stress rispetto all’affaticamento giornaliero e alle prestazioni lavorative; pertanto risulta necessaria un’adeguata scelta di sistemi di illuminazione artificiale e un’accurata integrazione con la luce naturale. La differente localizzazione degli studi medici analizzati influisce in maniera differente sugli outcomes psicofisici ed emerge la necessita di creare uno spazio circoscritto riservato al personale medico-sanitario. In conclusione, integrando i risultati ottenuti insieme ai dati di osservazione e di letteratura, si sono delineati degli input progettuali con l’obiettivo di individuare scelte architettoniche e tecnologiche per uno studio medico che favorisca il benessere indoor del personale medico-sanitario.
Evidence-based hospital design. Valutazione del benessere indoor per il personale medico-sanitario
RIVA, ANDREA
2017/2018
Abstract
Evidence-Based Design (EBD) is a multidisciplinary field of research developing in Architectural Design, in particular applied to healthcare buildings. EBD is based on the assumption that environment influences users’ feelings / behavior / habits and that this influence can be scientifically measured, proved and used as input for the design hypothesis. From the analysis of the scientific literature, it results that few studies within the EBD analyze the relationship between physical environment and psycho-physical outcomes of physicians. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis of the quality of physical environment and the indoor weel-being of the medical staff of San Gerardo Medical Hospital in Monza; we have compared the physician’s offices located in Sector A (Office A) and those located in Sector C (Office C). We interviewed medical staff with a structured questionnaire in order to evaluated how environmental elements can affect the work performance, fatigue, job-related stress and job satisfaction of physicians. Physical environment was investigated in terms of characteristics of physical space, daylight and artificial light, temperature and humidity, ventilation, acoustics and location of physician’s offices. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and to the Student's T test which allowed us to concentrate our observations only on the parameters in which there was a significant difference between the two types of physician’s office; it results to be physical environment, daylight and artificial light, and location of physician’s offices. Finally a correlation analysis was performed between the items considered. We find how the current characteristics of the working environment and the type of furniture, in both offices, significantly affect all the items analyzed. The design choice adopted for daylight influences the visual comfort and affects the psycho-physical well-being of medical staff. It should be preferred a type of window with vertical development respect to a horizontal development; an efficient system of shadow is also important. Artificial light mainly affects stress levels compared to daily fatigue and work performance; therefore an adequate choice of artificial light systems and an accurate integration with daylight is necessary. The different location of physician’s offices has a different influence on psycho-physical outcomes and it is necessary to create spaces reserved only for medical staff. In conclusion, integrating the results obtained together with observation and scientific literature data, we outline project inputs with the aim of identifying architectural and technological methods for a physician’s offices that allow the well-being indoor of medical staff.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147662