The European building stock period as well as the low level of growth of new high energetic performing buildings brings to the forefront the crucial need for renewal fo the existing patrimony. This aspect becomes particularly important to the public residential building field where building commonly lacked on regular quality maintenance. The strong growing demand for social housing was often solved constructing extremely overpriced obsolete structures with an inadequate engineering plan. Most of the time this buildings were unable to guarantee basic conditions of comfort to the tenants and usually had high maintenance cost due excessive energetic consumption and waste. Nowadays, more and more often, the concept of sustainable development comes up as part of the collective discussion. Considering new ways of growth that face today’s needs without compromising the possibility for future generations of satisfy their own, as defined by the Independent Commission on Environment and Development as early as 1987. However, not always the word sustainability is applied in all its dimensions: environmental, social and economic. On the other hand, in the case of public housing this concept cannot be ignored and should be appertain to any idea regarding development. The residential sector is responsabile of almost 40% of the global European energy consumption. Reducing energy uses as well as improving energetic efficiency in this field has become of high relevance in order to achieve the environmental standards imposed by Europe. Even though public housing represents a small percentage of the occupied residential patrimony, the potential of intervention in this field is of great importance to launch a plan of energy requalification. In Europe, most buildings, were built around last midcentury when energetic standards where minimum or non-existent. Energy renewal interventions on this structures could therefore lead to large results in terms of consumption reduction. An overall energetic refurbishment plan on this field relates directly to the previously mentioned European goals giving a demonstrative role to interventions on public housing bearing the fact that most of them are owned or managed by public entities. Since housing stocks are composed partly by proprietor both public and private, the energetic renewal intervention could also involve a significant number of private accommodations. This is why currently we may see more and more solutions considering the existing patrimony as a starting point proposing upgrades that involve architectonical and well as engineering implants on the built structure. These alternatives aim to share structural as well as energetic resources and bytes to establish an interchange relationship with the structure. This processes show many affinities with the concept of integrated redevelopment. Based on the modifications to be done on the built structure it is possible to define various architectonical adaptation strategies. This changes absolutely the approach and the methodology of the architectonical intervention as the ultimate solution. This project has the objective to identify and expand on an existing case study based on 5 different intervention areas; techno-plant intervention, expansion, typological intervention, addition and remodelling derived from the analysis of different case studies illustrated and described, in a synthetic way. The case study collection of housing artefacts analysed are mainly situated in Europe, particularly in France, Germany, Great Britain and the Netherlands, built from 2000 to today. The interventions were chosen based on their comparability with similar artefacts, due to consistency and pathologies, to case of intervention. In order to decipher and illustrate the different adaptive strategies of the contemporary architectural project this project proceeds the study and design of two parallel redevelopment interventions of a residential lot located in Madrid. The ultimate goal is to define virtuous and potentially applicable strategies to residential construction as well as to create solutions not only based not solving immediate problems, but also to integrate the two main missions of those who, within the academic environment, try to extend the possibilities and methodologies with an innovative approach and language. But above all to widen the discussion on the relation between living/inhabiting - in its multiple meanings - from social, economic and political point of view.
L’epoca di costruzione dello stock edilizio europeo e il basso tasso di crescita di nuovi edifici altamente performanti dal punto di vista energetico porta in primo piano il cruciale tema della riqualificazione del patrimonio esistente. Nel settore dell’edilizia residenziale pubblica tale questione assume ancora più rilevanza, dato che nel corso degli anni è spesso mancata una costante manutenzione degli stabili. Alla crescente richiesta di alloggi sociali si risponde spesso con edifici obsoleti dal punto di vista impiantistico, non in grado di garantire condizioni adeguate di comfort e con elevati costi di mantenimento per gli inquilini, dovuti soprattutto agli alti consumi energetici. Sempre più spesso oggi si fa riferimento al concetto di sviluppo sostenibile, uno sviluppo che risponda alle esigenze del presente senza compromettere la possibilità per le generazioni future di soddisfare le proprie, come definito dalla Commissione Indipendente sull’Ambiente e lo Sviluppo già nel 1987. Non così spesso, tuttavia, la parola sostenibilità viene declinata in tutte le sue dimensioni: ambientale, sociale ed economica. Nel trattare il settore dell’edilizia residenziale pubblica, invece, non si può prescindere dall’affrontare l’idea di sviluppo sostenibile in tutte le sue forme. Il settore residenziale è responsabile di circa il 40% del consumo globale di energia in Europa. Ridurre i consumi e migliorare l’efficienza negli usi energetici di questo settore, quindi, risulta essere un passaggio obbligato per rispettare quegli obiettivi che l’Europa impone in campo ambientale. L’edilizia residenziale pubblica rappresenta una piccola percentuale del patrimonio residenziale occupato. Nonostante ciò, il potenziale di intervento è di notevole importanza per l’avvio di un piano di riqualificazione energetica del settore residenziale nel suo complesso. Gran parte degli immobili, infatti, sono stati costruiti intorno alla metà del secolo scorso, quando gli standard energetici richiesti erano minimi o inesistenti. Interventi di riqualificazione energetica che coinvolgano questi edifici potrebbero quindi portare a grossi risultati in termini di riduzione dei consumi. Un piano di riqualificazione energetica di questo settore, inoltre, rientra negli obiettivi europei che attribuiscono un ruolo dimostrativo agli interventi sul patrimonio pubblico in quanto la maggior parte degli immobili sono di proprietà e gestiti da organismi pubblici. Infine, essendo questo stock abitativo composto in parte da condomini di proprietà sia pubblica che privata, gli interventi di riqualificazione energetica potrebbero coinvolgere anche un rilevante numero di alloggi privati. Quindi nel contesto contemporaneo, sempre più numerosi sono gli episodi di intervento sul costruito che propongono organismi architettonici e impiantistici innestati su edifici esistenti, così da condividere risorse strutturali ed energetiche instaurando, di fatto, una relazione di interscambio paragonabile a quella tra esseri viventi. Questi processi presentano molte finalità con il concetto di riqualificazione integrata e in base a questi assunti per gli interventi di modificazione dell’esistente è possibile definire diverse strategie adattive d’intervento del progetto architettonico contemporaneo potenzialmente applicabili all’edilizia residenziale. Quindi questo lavoro mira ad individuare e sperimentare, su un caso studio esistente, tali modalità di intervento, ne sono state individuate cinque, intervento tecno-impiantistico, ampliamento, intervento tipologico, aggiunta e rimodellazione, desunti dai casi studio analizzati, illustrati e descritti, in modo sintetico. Tale raccolta tratta di manufatti abitativi realizzati in Europa e, in particolare, in Francia, Germania, Gran Bretagna e Olanda, dal 2000 a oggi. Gli interventi sono stati scelti in funzione della loro comparabilità con manufatti analoghi, per consistenza e patologie, al caso di intervento. Al fine di decifrare ed illustrare le diverse strategie adattive del progetto architettonico contemporaneo si procede allo studio e progettazione di due interventi paralleli di riqualificazione su un lotto residenziale sito a Madrid. Fine ultimo è quello di definire strategie virtuose e potenzialmente applicabili all’edilizia residenziale e consentire non solo di ragionare sulle emergenze dell’attualità, ma anche di integrare le due principali missioni di chi, all’interno dell’ambiente accademico, cerca di approfondire le possibilità di innesto nei temi progettuali di nuovi approcci metodologici e di sperimentare tecniche e linguaggi innovativi. Ma soprattutto di diffondere un messaggio funzionale alla declinazione, tra le molteplici derive di ricerca, del tema dell’abitare/vivere – nelle sue molteplici accezioni – centrale dal punto di vista sociale, economico, politico.
Strategie di riqualificazione del patrimonio residenziale
RADOGNA, DAVIDE
2017/2018
Abstract
The European building stock period as well as the low level of growth of new high energetic performing buildings brings to the forefront the crucial need for renewal fo the existing patrimony. This aspect becomes particularly important to the public residential building field where building commonly lacked on regular quality maintenance. The strong growing demand for social housing was often solved constructing extremely overpriced obsolete structures with an inadequate engineering plan. Most of the time this buildings were unable to guarantee basic conditions of comfort to the tenants and usually had high maintenance cost due excessive energetic consumption and waste. Nowadays, more and more often, the concept of sustainable development comes up as part of the collective discussion. Considering new ways of growth that face today’s needs without compromising the possibility for future generations of satisfy their own, as defined by the Independent Commission on Environment and Development as early as 1987. However, not always the word sustainability is applied in all its dimensions: environmental, social and economic. On the other hand, in the case of public housing this concept cannot be ignored and should be appertain to any idea regarding development. The residential sector is responsabile of almost 40% of the global European energy consumption. Reducing energy uses as well as improving energetic efficiency in this field has become of high relevance in order to achieve the environmental standards imposed by Europe. Even though public housing represents a small percentage of the occupied residential patrimony, the potential of intervention in this field is of great importance to launch a plan of energy requalification. In Europe, most buildings, were built around last midcentury when energetic standards where minimum or non-existent. Energy renewal interventions on this structures could therefore lead to large results in terms of consumption reduction. An overall energetic refurbishment plan on this field relates directly to the previously mentioned European goals giving a demonstrative role to interventions on public housing bearing the fact that most of them are owned or managed by public entities. Since housing stocks are composed partly by proprietor both public and private, the energetic renewal intervention could also involve a significant number of private accommodations. This is why currently we may see more and more solutions considering the existing patrimony as a starting point proposing upgrades that involve architectonical and well as engineering implants on the built structure. These alternatives aim to share structural as well as energetic resources and bytes to establish an interchange relationship with the structure. This processes show many affinities with the concept of integrated redevelopment. Based on the modifications to be done on the built structure it is possible to define various architectonical adaptation strategies. This changes absolutely the approach and the methodology of the architectonical intervention as the ultimate solution. This project has the objective to identify and expand on an existing case study based on 5 different intervention areas; techno-plant intervention, expansion, typological intervention, addition and remodelling derived from the analysis of different case studies illustrated and described, in a synthetic way. The case study collection of housing artefacts analysed are mainly situated in Europe, particularly in France, Germany, Great Britain and the Netherlands, built from 2000 to today. The interventions were chosen based on their comparability with similar artefacts, due to consistency and pathologies, to case of intervention. In order to decipher and illustrate the different adaptive strategies of the contemporary architectural project this project proceeds the study and design of two parallel redevelopment interventions of a residential lot located in Madrid. The ultimate goal is to define virtuous and potentially applicable strategies to residential construction as well as to create solutions not only based not solving immediate problems, but also to integrate the two main missions of those who, within the academic environment, try to extend the possibilities and methodologies with an innovative approach and language. But above all to widen the discussion on the relation between living/inhabiting - in its multiple meanings - from social, economic and political point of view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147736