Due to the insurmountable obstacles immigrants must confront while following routes to reach Europe by land, the Mediterranean Sea has become a main theatre of human tragedy. Since the beginning of 2018 alone, 857 people have perished attempting to cross it, fleeing from war, political repression, economic hardship, and ecological crises that has characterized Africa and the Middle East (namely in Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nigeria, Somalia, Lybia and Syria) in recent history. The official position of the political and policing European authorities is that establishing an organised rescue force at Europe’s Mediterranean borders (for example the establishment of the SAR areas) would encourage more people to seek refuge, while on the other hand completely closing the EU border would result in the exponential increase of the number of people perishing. Amidst these increasing flows of people looking to reach Europe, in Denmark, the surge in migration from the Middle East and Africa prompted a populist, nationalist, right-wing backlash. The Danish government, for instance, is vowing to push immigration law to the limits of international conventions on human rights, planning to send about 125 people to a remote and hard to reach island off the Danish coast, Lindholm Island. According to government plans announced in December 2018, beginning in 2021 Lindholm will house these people defined by the country’s anti-immigration party as “foreign criminals”. This definition includes foreign fighters, foreigners convicted of crimes but mainly those already rejected for refugee status, but who cannot be deported for reasons including security concerns and protection by the Article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. This article “prevents States from extraditing, expelling, or returning a person to a State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture”. This implies the potential that these people could spend the rest of their life restrained into this Island, living their life into like in a Limbo. With these concerns being the tip of the iceberg of a myriad of issues associated with immigration, this thesis attempts to create a land/float condition sitting in-between the supposed European promise land and its adjacent ‘netherworld’. What if the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 2,510,000 square metres, would be considered itself as a continent, a homeland for those fleeing from wars, persecutions, natural and humanitarian disasters? Taking into consideration that the main solution to the contemporary migratory phenomenon would be of a political type with agreements with the countries of origin of the migrants, the thesis aims to propose a possible architectonic solution to the contemporary migration phenomenon, in the current political-legislative situation, in the Mediterranean, through a meta-project that goes beyond the simple reception but can propose a different scenario of coexistence and integration that fits into the gaps of the current European legislative-legal framework also proposing a new economical model considering sustainability not just from environmental point of view but also social and economical. The process that leads to the final design pass through different phases: Firstly, the main features of migration are observed, trying to understand the phenomena into a juridical and political framework, understanding the numbers of the phenomena, the criticality and finally identifying the spectrum of action. Secondly, it is useful to examine precedents of floating structures and co-living spaces with the aim of identifying the technology needed and the model of living that could help to create a well-structured community. Finally, through the information collected, the thesis will develop a prototype of an “built ad hoc” artificial island community in the Mediterranean Sea to host temporary this people and resolve a possible future where actually the migration phenomenon could be seen in a different light. Not just a problem to be solved in the emergency but rather a possible opportunity fro a future development scenario.
A causa degli ostacoli insormontabili che i migranti devono affrontare nelle rotte via terra verso l’Europa, il mar Mediterraneo è divenuto il principale scenario di una tragedia umanitaria.Nel solo 2018, 817 persone sono morte nel tentativo di attraversarlo, scappando da guerre, repressioni politiche, crisi economiche e disastri naturali che hanno caratterizzato l’Africa e il Medio Oriente (in particolare Afghanistan, eritrea, Somalia, Nigeria, Libia e Siria) nella storia recente.La posizione ufficiale delle autorità europee di polizia e di polizia è che l'istituzione di una forza di salvataggio organizzata ai confini mediterranei dell'Europa (ad esempio l'istituzione di aree SAR) incoraggerebbe più persone a cercare rifugio, mentre, d'altra parte, chiudere completamente la frontiera dell'UE determinerebbe un aumento esponenziale del numero dei morti.Tra questi crescenti flussi di persone che cercano di raggiungere l'Europa, in Danimarca, l'ondata migratoria dal Medio Oriente e dall'Africa ha provocato una reazione populista, nazionalista e di destra. Il governo danese, ad esempio, promette di spingere la legge sull'immigrazione ai limiti delle convenzioni internazionali sui diritti umani, progettando di inviare circa 125 persone in un'isola remota e difficile da raggiungere al largo della costa danese, l'isola di Lindholm. Secondo i piani del governo annunciati nel dicembre 2018, a partire dal 2021 Lindholm ospiterà queste persone definite dal partito anti-immigrazione del paese come "criminali stranieri". Questa definizione include combattenti stranieri, stranieri condannati per reati ma principalmente quelli già respinti per lo status di rifugiato, ma che non possono essere espulsi per motivi che includono preoccupazioni di sicurezza e protezione dall'articolo 3 della Convenzione contro la tortura e altre pene o trattamenti crudeli, inumani o degradanti. Questo articolo "impedisce agli Stati di estradare, espellere o riportare una persona in uno Stato in cui vi sono motivi sostanziali per ritenere che la persona rischierebbe di essere sottoposta a tortura". Questo implica il potenziale che queste persone potrebbero trascorrere il resto della loro vita trattenuto in quest'isola, vivendo la loro vita come in un Limbo. Con queste preoccupazioni che sono la punta dell'iceberg di una miriade di problemi associati all'immigrazione, questa tesi tenta di creare una condizione di terra / fluttuante che si trova tra la presunta terra promessa europea e il suo "mondo infernale" adiacente. Cosa accadrebbe se il Mar Mediterraneo, con un'area di 2.510.000 metri quadrati, fosse considerato un continente, una patria per chi fugge da guerre, persecuzioni, disastri naturali e umanitari?Considerando che la principale soluzione al fenomeno migratorio contemporaneo sarebbe di tipo politico con accordi con i paesi di origine dei migranti, la tesi intende proporre una possibile soluzione architettonica al fenomeno migratorio contemporaneo, nell'attuale contesto politico-legislativo situazione, nel Mediterraneo, attraverso un meta-progetto che va oltre la semplice accoglienza ma può proporre un diverso scenario di convivenza e integrazione che si inserisce nelle lacune dell'attuale quadro legislativo-giuridico europeo proponendo anche un nuovo modello economico considerando la sostenibilità non solo dal punto di vista ambientale ma anche sociale ed economico. Il processo che porta al design finale passa attraverso diverse fasi: In primo luogo, si osservano le principali caratteristiche della migrazione, cercando di comprendere i fenomeni in un quadro giuridico e politico, comprendendo il numero dei fenomeni, la criticità e infine identificando lo spettro di azione. In secondo luogo, è utile esaminare i precedenti di strutture galleggianti e spazi di co-living allo scopo di identificare la tecnologia necessaria e il modello di vita che potrebbe aiutare a creare una comunità ben strutturata. Infine, attraverso le informazioni raccolte, la tesi svilupperà un prototipo di un'isola artificiale "costruita ad hoc" nel Mar Mediterraneo per ospitare temporaneamente questo popolo e risolvere un possibile futuro in cui il fenomeno migratorio potrebbe essere visto in una luce diversa. Non solo un problema da risolvere in caso di emergenza, ma piuttosto una possibile opportunità.
Euro-Mediterranean (is)land. Meta design proposal for sustainable floating migrant communities
DI CARLO, MATTIA
2017/2018
Abstract
Due to the insurmountable obstacles immigrants must confront while following routes to reach Europe by land, the Mediterranean Sea has become a main theatre of human tragedy. Since the beginning of 2018 alone, 857 people have perished attempting to cross it, fleeing from war, political repression, economic hardship, and ecological crises that has characterized Africa and the Middle East (namely in Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nigeria, Somalia, Lybia and Syria) in recent history. The official position of the political and policing European authorities is that establishing an organised rescue force at Europe’s Mediterranean borders (for example the establishment of the SAR areas) would encourage more people to seek refuge, while on the other hand completely closing the EU border would result in the exponential increase of the number of people perishing. Amidst these increasing flows of people looking to reach Europe, in Denmark, the surge in migration from the Middle East and Africa prompted a populist, nationalist, right-wing backlash. The Danish government, for instance, is vowing to push immigration law to the limits of international conventions on human rights, planning to send about 125 people to a remote and hard to reach island off the Danish coast, Lindholm Island. According to government plans announced in December 2018, beginning in 2021 Lindholm will house these people defined by the country’s anti-immigration party as “foreign criminals”. This definition includes foreign fighters, foreigners convicted of crimes but mainly those already rejected for refugee status, but who cannot be deported for reasons including security concerns and protection by the Article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. This article “prevents States from extraditing, expelling, or returning a person to a State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture”. This implies the potential that these people could spend the rest of their life restrained into this Island, living their life into like in a Limbo. With these concerns being the tip of the iceberg of a myriad of issues associated with immigration, this thesis attempts to create a land/float condition sitting in-between the supposed European promise land and its adjacent ‘netherworld’. What if the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 2,510,000 square metres, would be considered itself as a continent, a homeland for those fleeing from wars, persecutions, natural and humanitarian disasters? Taking into consideration that the main solution to the contemporary migratory phenomenon would be of a political type with agreements with the countries of origin of the migrants, the thesis aims to propose a possible architectonic solution to the contemporary migration phenomenon, in the current political-legislative situation, in the Mediterranean, through a meta-project that goes beyond the simple reception but can propose a different scenario of coexistence and integration that fits into the gaps of the current European legislative-legal framework also proposing a new economical model considering sustainability not just from environmental point of view but also social and economical. The process that leads to the final design pass through different phases: Firstly, the main features of migration are observed, trying to understand the phenomena into a juridical and political framework, understanding the numbers of the phenomena, the criticality and finally identifying the spectrum of action. Secondly, it is useful to examine precedents of floating structures and co-living spaces with the aim of identifying the technology needed and the model of living that could help to create a well-structured community. Finally, through the information collected, the thesis will develop a prototype of an “built ad hoc” artificial island community in the Mediterranean Sea to host temporary this people and resolve a possible future where actually the migration phenomenon could be seen in a different light. Not just a problem to be solved in the emergency but rather a possible opportunity fro a future development scenario.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147742