In this present work, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) contents in sludge and their relationship with dewaterability were studied on samples originating from two different wastewater treatments plants (WWTP). These samples were collected from their respective treatment lines as thickened and unconditioned. They were first characterized in terms of dry solid and volatile solid content, total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids content, pH, conductivity, CST and zeta potential. Then EPS contents were determined for five samples of each sludge type. EPS were characterized in terms of total levels, protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio and repartition as soluble (S-EPS), loosely bound (LB-EPS) and tightly bound (TB-EPS). A first analysis was led to investigate the existing correlations between typical sludge characteristics and EPS content. The study particularly focused on the links between EPS and normalized CST (nCST) which is CST divided by the TSS concentration, and P:C ratio appeared to stand out as a possible indicator of dewaterability. Afterwards, mechanical dewatering (MD) and electro-dewatering (EDW) tests were carried out on a sample from each plant. MD tests showed slightly different dewatering efficiencies, which was coherent with the respective characteristics of the two sludges. EDW on the contrary achieved similar efficiencies. To possibly better understand this behaviour, EPS were characterized before and after MD and EDW in order to be able to observe how they affected EPS in sludge. Both dewatering processes involved an increase in EPS contents. While EDW displayed comparable influence for both samples, MD behaved differently on EPS content in the two sludges. EDW changed the repartition between soluble and bound EPS, evidencing a transfer from the second to the first kind of EPS. The application of an electric field during EDW seemed to particularly impact LB-EPS and S-EPS, which confirmed the idea that these two are of special importance in the dewatering process. No clear trend appeared regarding the effect of MD on EPS contents, requiring further work in the future.
Nel presente lavoro, i contenuti di sostanze polimeriche extracellulari (EPS) nei fanghi e la loro relazione con la disidratabilità sono stati studiati su campioni provenienti da due diversi impianti di depurazione (WWTP). Questi campioni sono stati raccolti dalle rispettive linee di trattamento come fanghi ispessiti e non condizionati. I campioni sono stati dapprima caratterizzati in termini di solido secco e contenuto di solido volatile, solidi totali sospesi e contenuto di solidi sospesi volatili, pH, conducibilità, CST e potenziale zeta. Quindi il contenuto di EPS è stato determinato per cinque campioni di ciascun tipo di fango. Gli EPS sono stati caratterizzati in termini di concentrazioni totali, rapporto tra proteine e carboidrati (P:C) e ripartizione come solubile (S-EPS), loosely bound (LB-EPS) e tightly bound (TB-EPS). Una prima analisi è stata condotta per studiare le correlazioni esistenti tra le caratteristiche tipiche dei fanghi e il contenuto di EPS. Lo studio si è concentrato in particolare sui legami tra EPS e CST normalizzato (nCST), che consiste nel CST diviso per la concentrazione di TSS, e il rapporto P:C che sembra possa essere un indicatore di disidratabilità. Successivamente, sono stati effettuati test di disidratazione meccanica (MD) ed elettro-disidratazione (EDW) su un campione di ciascun impianto. I test MD hanno mostrato efficienze di disidratazione leggermente diverse, coerenti con le rispettive caratteristiche dei due fanghi. Al contrario, EDW ha ottenuto efficienze simili. Per comprendere meglio questo comportamento, le EPS sono state caratterizzate prima e dopo MD ed EDW al fine di essere in grado di osservare come questi processi abbiano influenzato l'EPS nei fanghi. Entrambi i processi di disidratazione hanno comportato un aumento dei contenuti di EPS. Mentre EDW ha mostrato un'influenza comparabile per entrambi i campioni, MD si è comportato in modo diverso sul contenuto di EPS nei due fanghi. EDW ha cambiato la ripartizione tra EPS solubile e legato, evidenziando un trasferimento dal secondo al primo tipo di EPS. L'applicazione di un campo elettrico durante EDW è sembrata avere un impatto particolarmente negativo su LB-EPS e S-EPS, che ha confermato l'idea che questi due siano di particolare importanza nel processo di disidratazione. Non è emersa alcuna chiara tendenza riguardo l'effetto di MD sui contenuti di EPS, dimostrando la necessità di ulteriore ricerca in futuro.
Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in sewage sludge
FORCET, BÉRENGÈRE DIANE MARIE MELANIE
2018/2019
Abstract
In this present work, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) contents in sludge and their relationship with dewaterability were studied on samples originating from two different wastewater treatments plants (WWTP). These samples were collected from their respective treatment lines as thickened and unconditioned. They were first characterized in terms of dry solid and volatile solid content, total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids content, pH, conductivity, CST and zeta potential. Then EPS contents were determined for five samples of each sludge type. EPS were characterized in terms of total levels, protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio and repartition as soluble (S-EPS), loosely bound (LB-EPS) and tightly bound (TB-EPS). A first analysis was led to investigate the existing correlations between typical sludge characteristics and EPS content. The study particularly focused on the links between EPS and normalized CST (nCST) which is CST divided by the TSS concentration, and P:C ratio appeared to stand out as a possible indicator of dewaterability. Afterwards, mechanical dewatering (MD) and electro-dewatering (EDW) tests were carried out on a sample from each plant. MD tests showed slightly different dewatering efficiencies, which was coherent with the respective characteristics of the two sludges. EDW on the contrary achieved similar efficiencies. To possibly better understand this behaviour, EPS were characterized before and after MD and EDW in order to be able to observe how they affected EPS in sludge. Both dewatering processes involved an increase in EPS contents. While EDW displayed comparable influence for both samples, MD behaved differently on EPS content in the two sludges. EDW changed the repartition between soluble and bound EPS, evidencing a transfer from the second to the first kind of EPS. The application of an electric field during EDW seemed to particularly impact LB-EPS and S-EPS, which confirmed the idea that these two are of special importance in the dewatering process. No clear trend appeared regarding the effect of MD on EPS contents, requiring further work in the future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Sewage Sludge.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147876