All cities in the world, especially during these last years, have faced many problems trying to achieve different goals, especially in the socio-economic sector and in the goal of quality of life of their citizens. These changes are due to new changes in the city landscape and its evolution. As a response to all these challenges and problems, the so-called "smart city" comes to rescue. The term is strictly connected to technologies because these allow the growth of the smart city and they grow themselves with her. Examples of these kind of technology are internet and broadband network technologies that make all the smart services possible and represent a very important point for the development of a city in our times. In this way our cities become incubators in which innovative solutions can be created that concern different sectors. The starting point to understand the situation, is the definition which states that “A city may be called ‘smart’ when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resource through participatory governance”1(Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, 2009), but it is is also synonymous of cities characterized by a wide and intelligent use of digital technologies that allow efficient use of information. And the key is exactly these information: the use of all these technologies and devices connected in such a big way has made possible to generate a large amount of data that is updated every day and increases more and more. These data are important because they have the capacity, if analysed in a correct way, to give information about everything. For this reason, it is necessary to put together the forces and resources of research and innovation to create experimental platforms to classify all these data and make them accessible and in the same time study strategies that concern both partnerships for collaboration and cooperation between different actors to collect as much data as possible to achieve the most effective solutions possible. The thesis takes up the challenge of facing the complexity of a city by monitoring, integrating and analysing data from different sources with the aim of demonstrating that it is possible to improve the intelligent services and how it is possible to do it with the use of these data present in the 1 Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, Smart Cities in Europe, 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. VIII metropolitan area, which must be open and growing more every day to reach all the advantages, but in order to do this, there is the necessity to understand the process and technology behind. The research focuses on three different points. The necessity to integrate the data portals of the cities in the correct way, the necessity to educate the citizens to this new vision of the city and also to educate the public administration with a creation of teams able to govern these dynamics. Finally, to investigate the theme of the stakeholders in the city and demonstrates how collaborations, which pass through the sharing of data, between the different actor present in the city environment can lead to the achievement of common objectives: the improvement of citizens' life and the birth of real smart cities. In particular, it is analysed the city of Milan from the point of view of its smartness compared with other example of Smart Cities to understand strategies and the direction of development that regards different strategies adopted. An in-depth study is carried out on the open data portal of the municipality, to understand the level of detail. At the same time, a sample of 100 smart services present in the area and largely supplied by private bodies is studied, extracting the data that is generated from them. In the final part the data already present and those collected are analysed together to propose new interventions, improvements to current services. The aim is to demonstrate that the city must adopt new technologies and must learn to use data as a source of valuable information to govern and manage the territory and this must be done in synergy with the actors that are present in the area if yes they want to achieve really important results.
Negli ultimi anni le città del mondo hanno affrontato numerose sfide nel tentativo di raggiungere diversi obiettivi, rivolti in particolare al settore socio-economico e al miglioramento della qualità della vita. Questi cambiamenti derivano non solo da evoluzioni nel panorama della città ma anche dal progresso tecnologico. Come risposta a queste sfide, nasce la cosiddetta "Città Smart": il termine è infatti strettamente connesso alle tecnologie che consentono la crescita della città intelligente e che rendono possibili i servizi smart, rappresentando un punto fondamentale per lo sviluppo di una città nel nostro tempo. In questo modo le nostre aree urbane diventano incubatori di soluzioni innovative che riguardano diversi settori. Il punto di partenza per comprendere la situazione è la definizione secondo cui "una città può essere definita 'intelligente' quando gli investimenti in capitale umano e sociale e le infrastrutture di comunicazione tradizionali (trasporto) e moderne (TIC) alimentano una crescita economica sostenibile e un'alta qualità di vita, con una saggia gestione delle risorse naturali attraverso una governance partecipativa "2(Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, 2009), ma è anche sinonimo di una città caratterizzata da un ampio e intelligente utilizzo delle tecnologie digitali che consentono un uso efficiente delle informazioni . La chiave risiede esattamente in queste informazioni: l'uso di tecnologie e dispositivi collegati in modo così ampio ha reso possibile la generazione di una grande quantità di dati che viene aggiornata ogni giorno e aumenta sempre di più. Questi ultimi sono molto importanti perché hanno in sé la capacità, se analizzati in modo corretto, di fornire informazioni di qualsiasi genere e riguardo qualsiasi cosa. Per questo motivo, è necessario unire le forze e utilizzare quante più risorse possibili per la ricerca e l'innovazione, creando Per raggiungere gli obiettivi in maniera efficace si deve aggiungere lo studio di quelle strategie che regolano i rapporti tra i diversi attori all’interno della Smart City: con partnerships maggiormente collaborative soprattutto per quanto riguarda la condivisione di dati per ottenere le soluzioni tailor made che si dimostrino più efficaci. La tesi raccoglie la sfida di affrontare la complessità della Smart City concentrandosi sul caso di Milano, integrando ed analizzando i dati provenienti da diverse fonti con l'obiettivo di dimostrare che oggi è possibile migliorare i servizi intelligenti attraverso l'uso dei Big Data presenti nell’area metropolitana, rendendoli aperti e trasparenti oltre che integrandoli continuamente, in real-time. Per riuscire a trarre tutti i vantaggi, è necessario 2 Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, Smart Cities in Europe, 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. X capire i processi e le tecnologie che li guidano ed in particolare la ricerca si concentra sulla necessità di integrare il portale di dati della città in modo corretto, la necessità di educare i cittadini e la Pubblica Amministrazione a questa nuova visione affinché siano in grado di governare queste dinamiche. Infine, si affronta il tema degli stakeholder e dei loro legami per dimostrare come la collaborazione, che passa attraverso la condivisione dei dati, possa portare al raggiungimento di obiettivi comuni: il miglioramento della vita dei cittadini e la nascita di vere e proprie città intelligenti. La città di Milano viene studiata e confrontata con altre Città Smart per comprendere affinità e diversità tra le diverse strategie oltre alla direzione di sviluppo. Uno studio approfondito è condotto sul portale open data del comune, per comprendere il livello di dettaglio. Un campione di 100 servizi intelligenti presenti nell'area di Milano è stato raccolto ed analizzato estraendone i dati. Nella parte finale della ricerca, i dati già presenti nel portale open data e quelli provenienti dal campione sono analizzati insieme per proporre miglioramenti alla gestione dei servizi presenti ora sul territorio. L'obiettivo è dimostrare che la città deve adottare nuove tecnologie e imparare ad utilizzare i dati come fonte di informazioni preziose per governare e gestire il territorio in sinergia con gli attori coinvolti per ottenere risultati significativi.
Data as an asset. Big data for improving smart services in Milan
RUBINI, GIACOMO;PEDRETTI, SIMONA
2017/2018
Abstract
All cities in the world, especially during these last years, have faced many problems trying to achieve different goals, especially in the socio-economic sector and in the goal of quality of life of their citizens. These changes are due to new changes in the city landscape and its evolution. As a response to all these challenges and problems, the so-called "smart city" comes to rescue. The term is strictly connected to technologies because these allow the growth of the smart city and they grow themselves with her. Examples of these kind of technology are internet and broadband network technologies that make all the smart services possible and represent a very important point for the development of a city in our times. In this way our cities become incubators in which innovative solutions can be created that concern different sectors. The starting point to understand the situation, is the definition which states that “A city may be called ‘smart’ when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resource through participatory governance”1(Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, 2009), but it is is also synonymous of cities characterized by a wide and intelligent use of digital technologies that allow efficient use of information. And the key is exactly these information: the use of all these technologies and devices connected in such a big way has made possible to generate a large amount of data that is updated every day and increases more and more. These data are important because they have the capacity, if analysed in a correct way, to give information about everything. For this reason, it is necessary to put together the forces and resources of research and innovation to create experimental platforms to classify all these data and make them accessible and in the same time study strategies that concern both partnerships for collaboration and cooperation between different actors to collect as much data as possible to achieve the most effective solutions possible. The thesis takes up the challenge of facing the complexity of a city by monitoring, integrating and analysing data from different sources with the aim of demonstrating that it is possible to improve the intelligent services and how it is possible to do it with the use of these data present in the 1 Andrea Caragliu, Chiara del Bo, Peter Nijkamp, Smart Cities in Europe, 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. VIII metropolitan area, which must be open and growing more every day to reach all the advantages, but in order to do this, there is the necessity to understand the process and technology behind. The research focuses on three different points. The necessity to integrate the data portals of the cities in the correct way, the necessity to educate the citizens to this new vision of the city and also to educate the public administration with a creation of teams able to govern these dynamics. Finally, to investigate the theme of the stakeholders in the city and demonstrates how collaborations, which pass through the sharing of data, between the different actor present in the city environment can lead to the achievement of common objectives: the improvement of citizens' life and the birth of real smart cities. In particular, it is analysed the city of Milan from the point of view of its smartness compared with other example of Smart Cities to understand strategies and the direction of development that regards different strategies adopted. An in-depth study is carried out on the open data portal of the municipality, to understand the level of detail. At the same time, a sample of 100 smart services present in the area and largely supplied by private bodies is studied, extracting the data that is generated from them. In the final part the data already present and those collected are analysed together to propose new interventions, improvements to current services. The aim is to demonstrate that the city must adopt new technologies and must learn to use data as a source of valuable information to govern and manage the territory and this must be done in synergy with the actors that are present in the area if yes they want to achieve really important results.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi Pedretti-Rubini
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/147920