The thesis develops the project of reuse of Stadtbad Lichtenberg, a public pool in East Berlin, built during the Weimar Republic in the expressionist style, and currently closed for over 25 years, converting it into a multi-purpose public building on a neighborhood scale. Also known as Hubertusbad (from the name of the street where the access was located) rises in the bezirk of Lichtenberg (one of the most heterogeneous in terms of morphology, social and landscape in Berlin, connected directly to Alexanderplatz by Karl Marx Alle) and remains as a remnant of the Groszstadt Architektur theorized by Hilberseimer in the first post-war period. Hubertusbad is a building composed of two Hallen, two public voids with a vibrant collective vocation (the two pools divided by sexes) connected by a Mittelbau that housed a series of serving spaces and a medical part supporting body care and hygiene. Hubertusbad is a large object raised from the street level by a technical base, which contains the water reserves, with a monolithic and unitary function, and set up within a system of buildings of the same type distributed in the various districts of the Groszstadt Berlin. Starting from these premises, the project looks at the building not as an object closed in its own volume, but as a process that takes place through spaces, uses, relations with the contemporary city, time. With a minimal intervention in material and linguistic terms, it proposes a weak and understatement approach to pre-existence, rather than attempting its resolution by resorting it to a unitary strategy. The pool is now at a crucial point in its life cycle, in an intermediate stage between neglect and ruin, so that although physical degradation has not yet swallowed up parts of the primary structure, an intervention of a simple maintenance nature would not be sufficient to make it work again in the contemporary city, which has continued to evolve while the factory remained closed. Furthermore, the building is almost entirely bound to the superintendency for cultural heritage of Berlin. The first project operation is a response to these constraints: the intervention is in fact located on the parts of the building (the technical floors) that are the least stiff, and at the same time, have the greatest potential to become a public space: the basement and the roof, and leaving the so-called piano nobili (with a massive decorative apparatus) almost untouched. The project therefore focuses not on changing the character of the spaces, but on changing its meaning by recomposing the spatial sequences in a new way. The accessibility, the distribution system, the absence of a public floor directly connected with the road plan are the elements with which the proposal is confronted, by irrigating the ground with a series of punctual openings, a redesign of the topography and moving the forced symmetry of the existing space, it transforms it from an opaque technical surface to a transparent ground of accessibility. The program itself is also conceived s a process, proposing a colonization of the progressive building, at different densities and admitting spaces in which the program remains deliberately open and undefined. Recognizing and implementing the micro-urban complexity inherent in the volumes of the pre-exhistig pool, the building is decomposed in 3 parts. The tripartition is based, essentially, on the different attack on the ground that these parts have: the water tanks of the two Halle are replaced in the case of the Grosse Schwimmhalle in a tub of books, turning the whole space into a collective reading room (Lesesaal), and in the case of the Kleine Schwimmhalle in a winter garden, which reactivates the space as a a covered square for an outdoor market (Markthalle). To link these two volumes, the Mittelbau, a series of corridors and rooms with a very distinctive geometry, houses a district center (Kiez Centrum) with a selection of shops and shops of proximity on the ground floor, and going up a series of classrooms for didactics, a space for coworking, a small medical clinic and a residence for artists. The roof plan, interpreted here as a thick closing layer, opens up to the city and connects directly to the ground floor with an external staircase of new construction: an urban garden (consisting of edible essences and particularly fragrant flowering) grows protected between the two Halle roofs, which are adapted to the new uses of the underlying volumes. Essentially, the thesis addresses the question on how to intervene in the built environment today, and especially in Berlin, European hologram of reconstruction, interpreting the reuse as a commensuration of the building to the relationships, the uses, the ambiguity, the elasticity of the contemporary city, working on composition and re-composition of given sequences, starting from a principle as simple as it is effective: making space and bringing light.
La tesi sviluppa il progetto di riuso di Stadtbad Lichtenberg, una piscina pubblica a Berlino est, costruita durante la repubblica di Weimar in stile espressionista, e attualmente chiusa da oltre 25 anni, convertendola in un edificio pubblico polifuzionale a scala di quartiere. Nota anche anche come Hubertusbad (dal nome della via dove era localizzato l’accesso) si erge nel bezirk di Lichtenberg (uno dei più eterogenei dal punto di vista morfologico, sociale e paesaggistico di Berlino, collegato direttamente ad Alexanderplatz dall’arteria urbana di Karl Marx Alle) e vi permane come un resto della Groszstadt Architektur teorizzata da Hilberseimer nel primo dopoguerra. Hubertusbad é un edificio composto da due Hallen, due vuoti pubblici dalla vibrante vocazione collettiva (le due piscine divise per sessi) collegate da un Mittelbau che ospitava una serie di spazi serventi e un apparato medico di appoggio alla cura del corpo e all’igiene. Hubertusbad é un grande oggetto rialzato dal piano stradale da un basamento tecnico, che ospitava le riserve d’acqua, con una funzione monolitica e unitaria, e messo a sistema con una serie di edifici della stessa tipologia distribuiti nei vari quartieri della Groszstadt Berlin. A partire da queste premesse, il progetto guarda all’edificio non come ad un oggetto esaurito nel proprio volume, ma come ad un processo che si svolge attraverso gli spazi, gli usi, le relazioni con la città contemporanea, il tempo. Con un intervento minimo in termini non solo materiali ma anche linguistici propone un approccio debole e di understatement alla preesistenza, piuttosto che tentarne la risoluzione ricorrendo ad una strategia unitaria. La piscina si trova ora in un punto cruciale del suo ciclo di vita, in uno stadio intermedio tra incuria e rovina tale per cui, sebbene il degrado fisico non abbia ancora fagocitato parti della struttura primaria, un intervento di semplice natura manutentiva non sarebbe sufficiente a farla funzionare nuovamente nella città contemporanea, che ha continuato ad evolversi mentre lo stabilimento restava chiuso. Inoltre, l’edificio risulta quasi interamente vincolato alla sovrintendenza per i beni culturali di Berlino. La prima operazione di progetto é una risposta a questi vincoli: l’intervento é infatti localizzato sulle parti dell’edificio più aggregabili in quanto piani tecnici ma che, al contempo, hanno il maggiore potenziale per diventare uno spazio pubblico: il basamento ed il tetto, e lasciando quasi intaccati i cosiddetti piani nobili, che presentano un apparato decorativo piuttosto massiccio. Il progetto quindi si concentra non nel mutare il carattere degli spazi, ma nel mutarne il significato ricomponendo le sequenze spaziali in un modo inedito. L’accessibilità, il sistema distributivo, l’assenza di un piano pubblico direttamente collegato con il piano stradale sono gli elementi con cui si confronta la proposta, che irrigando il piano terra con una serie di puntuali aperture, un ridisegno della topografia e la messa in discussione della forzata simmetria dello stato di fatto, lo trasforma da piano opaco di servizio a spessore trasparente di accessibilità. Anche il programma segue un iter processuale, proponendo una colonizzazione dell’edificio progressiva, a diverse densità ed ammettendo spazi in cui il programma rimane volutamente aperto ed indefinito. Riconoscendo e mettendo in atto la complessità microurbana insita nei volumi dello stato di fatto, viene proposta una rilettura dell’edificio in 3 parti. La tripartizione si basa, essenzialmente, sul diverso attacco al suolo che le parti dell’edificio presentano: le vasche d’acqua delle due Halle vengono sostituite nel caso della Grosse Schwimmhalle in una vasca di libri, tramutando l’intero spazio in una sala lettura (Lesesaal) collettiva, e nel caso della Kleine Schwimmhalle in un giardino d’inverno, che riattiva lo spazio come una piazza per mercato esterna ma coperta (Markthalle). A collegamento di questi due volumi, il Mittelbau, una serie di corridoi e stanze dalla geometria molto caratterizzata, ospita un centro di quartiere (Kiez Centrum) con una serie di botteghe e negozi di prossimità al piano terra, e salendo una serie di aule per la didattica, uno spazio per il coworking, un piccolo ambulatorio medico ed una residenza per artisti. L’attacco al cielo, interpretato qui come un vero e proprio spessore, si apre alla città e si collega direttamente al piano terra con una scala esterna di nuova costruzione: un orto urbano (costituito da essenze edibili e dalla fioritura particolarmente profumata) cresce protetto tra le coperture delle due Halle, che vengono adeguate ai nuovi usi dei volumi sottostanti. La tesi infine si interroga sul come intervenire sul costruito oggi, e soprattutto a Berlino, ologramma della ricostruzione, interpretando il riuso come commisurazione dell’edificio alle relazioni, agli usi, all’ambiguità, all’elasticità di scala della città contemporanea, lavorando sulla composizione e ri-composizione di sequenze date, a partire da un principio tanto semplice quanto efficace: fare spazio e portare luce.
Stadtbad Lichtenberg
CAMINATI, GIOVANNI;CAVALLE', MARTA
2017/2018
Abstract
The thesis develops the project of reuse of Stadtbad Lichtenberg, a public pool in East Berlin, built during the Weimar Republic in the expressionist style, and currently closed for over 25 years, converting it into a multi-purpose public building on a neighborhood scale. Also known as Hubertusbad (from the name of the street where the access was located) rises in the bezirk of Lichtenberg (one of the most heterogeneous in terms of morphology, social and landscape in Berlin, connected directly to Alexanderplatz by Karl Marx Alle) and remains as a remnant of the Groszstadt Architektur theorized by Hilberseimer in the first post-war period. Hubertusbad is a building composed of two Hallen, two public voids with a vibrant collective vocation (the two pools divided by sexes) connected by a Mittelbau that housed a series of serving spaces and a medical part supporting body care and hygiene. Hubertusbad is a large object raised from the street level by a technical base, which contains the water reserves, with a monolithic and unitary function, and set up within a system of buildings of the same type distributed in the various districts of the Groszstadt Berlin. Starting from these premises, the project looks at the building not as an object closed in its own volume, but as a process that takes place through spaces, uses, relations with the contemporary city, time. With a minimal intervention in material and linguistic terms, it proposes a weak and understatement approach to pre-existence, rather than attempting its resolution by resorting it to a unitary strategy. The pool is now at a crucial point in its life cycle, in an intermediate stage between neglect and ruin, so that although physical degradation has not yet swallowed up parts of the primary structure, an intervention of a simple maintenance nature would not be sufficient to make it work again in the contemporary city, which has continued to evolve while the factory remained closed. Furthermore, the building is almost entirely bound to the superintendency for cultural heritage of Berlin. The first project operation is a response to these constraints: the intervention is in fact located on the parts of the building (the technical floors) that are the least stiff, and at the same time, have the greatest potential to become a public space: the basement and the roof, and leaving the so-called piano nobili (with a massive decorative apparatus) almost untouched. The project therefore focuses not on changing the character of the spaces, but on changing its meaning by recomposing the spatial sequences in a new way. The accessibility, the distribution system, the absence of a public floor directly connected with the road plan are the elements with which the proposal is confronted, by irrigating the ground with a series of punctual openings, a redesign of the topography and moving the forced symmetry of the existing space, it transforms it from an opaque technical surface to a transparent ground of accessibility. The program itself is also conceived s a process, proposing a colonization of the progressive building, at different densities and admitting spaces in which the program remains deliberately open and undefined. Recognizing and implementing the micro-urban complexity inherent in the volumes of the pre-exhistig pool, the building is decomposed in 3 parts. The tripartition is based, essentially, on the different attack on the ground that these parts have: the water tanks of the two Halle are replaced in the case of the Grosse Schwimmhalle in a tub of books, turning the whole space into a collective reading room (Lesesaal), and in the case of the Kleine Schwimmhalle in a winter garden, which reactivates the space as a a covered square for an outdoor market (Markthalle). To link these two volumes, the Mittelbau, a series of corridors and rooms with a very distinctive geometry, houses a district center (Kiez Centrum) with a selection of shops and shops of proximity on the ground floor, and going up a series of classrooms for didactics, a space for coworking, a small medical clinic and a residence for artists. The roof plan, interpreted here as a thick closing layer, opens up to the city and connects directly to the ground floor with an external staircase of new construction: an urban garden (consisting of edible essences and particularly fragrant flowering) grows protected between the two Halle roofs, which are adapted to the new uses of the underlying volumes. Essentially, the thesis addresses the question on how to intervene in the built environment today, and especially in Berlin, European hologram of reconstruction, interpreting the reuse as a commensuration of the building to the relationships, the uses, the ambiguity, the elasticity of the contemporary city, working on composition and re-composition of given sequences, starting from a principle as simple as it is effective: making space and bringing light.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148047