A perspective of the Manhattan Plan made in 1970 shows the vision for an urban utopia: four pairs of identical towers, the originally planned extension of the WTC, lay on as many plinths; between the plinths a large crossroad for cars, on top of them the generous terraces for the pedestrians are connected by suspended walkways; vanishing in the background an almost seamless repetition of this layout. For this vision to happen, an entire neighborhood had to be levelled, its 12.000 inhabitants evicted as their homes were demolished. Ultimately, the global financial instability of the seventies trasformed the Manhattan Plan into a broken dream. For years the WTC towers stood alone surrounded by empty lots of grass and cars, icon of unfulfilled promises and speculative practices. Even after the other towers were finally built, decades later, the district is just a pale resemblance of the original vision. Along the sidewalks of Chaussée d’Anvers on one side the wide streets full of cars, on the other the solid walls of the plinth; the towers detached, the terrace at their base unreachable. Even if it didn’t lived up being an international business district for Belgium and Europe, the Northern Quarter has served until today as a secluded monofunctional island within the city. Single office buildings spanning whole city blocks and entirely rented by big organizations, certainly don’t provide compelling reasons to stay for the office workers, to stop for those crossing it, to visit for those who live nearby. But now, with the end of the first leasing periods, the district has become unappealing even for the administrations and corporations that inhabit it. Offices are left empty - the WTC being one among many others - former renters moving to more efficient and up to date locations with no one willing to take their place. Buildings made in the last few decades are being torn down to be rebuilt according to the ever rising standards for office spaces, their lots fenced for years as the process goes on. Given that the wastefullness of vacancy and endless reconstruction appears to be the only option for a contemporary business district, the urgency to envision a different, more sustainable and inclusive future for the Norther Quarter has recently arisen. In this respect, any proposal has to allow hybrid and mixed activities - meaning a shift from the monofunctional mentality of zoning and the monopolisation of buildings by big single tenants - to be inclusive, and to intervene within the as found morphology - rather than pushing a new top down intervention on the neighborhood either in the form of an updated urban utopia or a romantic reenactment of what’s past - to be sustainable. But what’s the built enviroment of the Northern Quarter exactly made of? Behind the autonomous, repetitive, neutralizing facades, twentyfive times the floor of WTC tower repeats itself, forming with its fellow towers the bulk of the district’s usable surface. “A floor, a core, a perimeter and a minimum of columns”, it’s the typical plan of office buildings, its neutral repeatability and sameness the ultimate answer to business’ demand for pragmatic flexibility. Is the typical plan’s neutrality enough to attract and host the diversity much needed by the district today? Or in order to stimulate a more diverse use of space, a more specific set of spatial qualities must be staged? The design proposal aims to verify to what extent the barren spaces of functionalism can be stressed and made specific without losing their intrinsic genericness. By employing a voluntary contained set of gestures - in the variation of essential parameters of the existing building spaces, height and dept, light and views, circulation and systems - the objective is not to set a predetermined identity to each space, but rather to turn the WTC into an adaptive and domesticable open system for the Norther Quarter of the future.
Una prospettiva del Manhattan Plan realizzata nel 1970 mostra la visione di un'utopia urbana: quattro coppie di torri identiche giacciono su altrettanti plinti; tra i plinti un grande incrocio per le auto, sopra di essi ampie terrazze per i pedoni collegate da passerelle sospese; una ripetizione pressoché continua di questo schema urbano sfuma nello sfondo. Perché questa visione si realizzasse, un intero quartiere dovette essere raso al suolo, i suoi 12.000 abitanti sfrattati mentre le loro case venivano demolite. L'instabilità finanziaria globale degli anni Settanta ha però trasformato il Manhattan Plan in un sogno infranto. Per anni le torri del WTC rimasero sole, i lotti adiacenti lasciati a prato incolto o a parcheggio, icone di promesse non mantenute e pratiche speculative. Anche dopo che le altre torri furono finalmente costruite, decenni dopo, il distretto è solo una pallida immagine della visione originale: passando lungo i marciapiedi della Chaussée d'Anvers, da un lato ampie strade piene di macchine, dall'altra le solide mura del plinto, le torri distaccate, la terrazza alla loro base irraggiungibile. Pur non avendo raggiunto l’obiettivo di essere un distretto commerciale internazionale per il Belgio e l'Europa, il Northern Quarter è servito fino ad oggi come un'isola monofunzionale all'interno della città. Gli edifici per uffici, affittati da grandi organizzazioni, che coprono interi isolati certamente non forniscono validi motivi per restare dopo le ore di lavoro agli impiegati, per fermarsi a chi lo attraversa, per visitarlo a quelli che vivono nelle vicinanze. Ma ora, con la fine dei primi cicli di affitti, il distretto è diventato poco attraente anche per le amministrazioni e le corporazioni che lo utilizzano. Gli uffici sono lasciati vuoti - il WTC uno tra i tanti – mentre i precedenti inquilini si spostano in luoghi più efficienti e aggiornati con nessuno disposto a prendere il loro posto. Edifici costruiti negli ultimi decenni sono abbattuti per essere ricostruiti secondo gli standard sempre crescenti, i loro lotti recintati per anni ad ogni nuovo cantiere. Dato che lo spreco dell’abbandono o della continua ricostruzione sembra essere l'unica opzione per un distretto commerciale contemporaneo, è recentemente emersa l'urgenza di immaginare un futuro diverso, più sostenibile e inclusivo per il Northern Quarter. A tale riguardo, qualsiasi proposta deve consentire attività ibride e miste - vale a dire un passaggio dalla mentalità monofunzionale della zonizzazione e dalla monopolizzazione degli edifici da parte dei grandi singoli inquilini - per essere inclusiva e intervenire con flessibilità all’interno della morfologia urbana esistente - piuttosto che imporre un nuovo intervento top-down, sotto forma di un'utopia urbana aggiornata o di una rievocazione romantica del passato - per essere sostenibile. Ma come sono fatti esattamente gli edifici del Northern Quarter? Dietro le facciate autonome, ripetitive, neutralizzanti, venticinque identici piani si ripetono nelle torri del WTC, formando con le torri adiacenti la maggior parte della superficie utilizzabile del distretto. "Un pavimento, un nucleo, un perimetro e un minimo di colonne", è il tipico piano degli edifici per uffici, la sua neutra ripetibilità la risposta definitiva alla pragmatica domanda di flessibilità richiesta dal mercato. Può la neutralità del piano tipico essere sufficiente per attrarre e ospitare la diversità tanto necessaria al distretto oggi? O per stimolare un uso più diversificato dello spazio un insieme più specifico di qualità spaziali deve essere predisposto? La proposta di tesi mira a verificare in quale misura gli spazi sterili del funzionalismo possono essere stressati e resi specifici senza perdere la loro intrinseca genericità. Utilizzando un insieme di gesti volontariamente limitati - nella variazione di parametri essenziali degli spazi di esistenti, altezza e profondità, luce e viste, circolazione e impianti - l'obiettivo non è quello di assegnare un'identità predeterminata ad ogni spazio, ma piuttosto di rendere il WTC un sistema aperto, adattabile e flessibile, per il futuro del Northern Quarter.
Stressed generic : transforming Bruxelles' World Trade Center beyond functionalism
BIGI, ANDREA
2018/2019
Abstract
A perspective of the Manhattan Plan made in 1970 shows the vision for an urban utopia: four pairs of identical towers, the originally planned extension of the WTC, lay on as many plinths; between the plinths a large crossroad for cars, on top of them the generous terraces for the pedestrians are connected by suspended walkways; vanishing in the background an almost seamless repetition of this layout. For this vision to happen, an entire neighborhood had to be levelled, its 12.000 inhabitants evicted as their homes were demolished. Ultimately, the global financial instability of the seventies trasformed the Manhattan Plan into a broken dream. For years the WTC towers stood alone surrounded by empty lots of grass and cars, icon of unfulfilled promises and speculative practices. Even after the other towers were finally built, decades later, the district is just a pale resemblance of the original vision. Along the sidewalks of Chaussée d’Anvers on one side the wide streets full of cars, on the other the solid walls of the plinth; the towers detached, the terrace at their base unreachable. Even if it didn’t lived up being an international business district for Belgium and Europe, the Northern Quarter has served until today as a secluded monofunctional island within the city. Single office buildings spanning whole city blocks and entirely rented by big organizations, certainly don’t provide compelling reasons to stay for the office workers, to stop for those crossing it, to visit for those who live nearby. But now, with the end of the first leasing periods, the district has become unappealing even for the administrations and corporations that inhabit it. Offices are left empty - the WTC being one among many others - former renters moving to more efficient and up to date locations with no one willing to take their place. Buildings made in the last few decades are being torn down to be rebuilt according to the ever rising standards for office spaces, their lots fenced for years as the process goes on. Given that the wastefullness of vacancy and endless reconstruction appears to be the only option for a contemporary business district, the urgency to envision a different, more sustainable and inclusive future for the Norther Quarter has recently arisen. In this respect, any proposal has to allow hybrid and mixed activities - meaning a shift from the monofunctional mentality of zoning and the monopolisation of buildings by big single tenants - to be inclusive, and to intervene within the as found morphology - rather than pushing a new top down intervention on the neighborhood either in the form of an updated urban utopia or a romantic reenactment of what’s past - to be sustainable. But what’s the built enviroment of the Northern Quarter exactly made of? Behind the autonomous, repetitive, neutralizing facades, twentyfive times the floor of WTC tower repeats itself, forming with its fellow towers the bulk of the district’s usable surface. “A floor, a core, a perimeter and a minimum of columns”, it’s the typical plan of office buildings, its neutral repeatability and sameness the ultimate answer to business’ demand for pragmatic flexibility. Is the typical plan’s neutrality enough to attract and host the diversity much needed by the district today? Or in order to stimulate a more diverse use of space, a more specific set of spatial qualities must be staged? The design proposal aims to verify to what extent the barren spaces of functionalism can be stressed and made specific without losing their intrinsic genericness. By employing a voluntary contained set of gestures - in the variation of essential parameters of the existing building spaces, height and dept, light and views, circulation and systems - the objective is not to set a predetermined identity to each space, but rather to turn the WTC into an adaptive and domesticable open system for the Norther Quarter of the future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_07_Bigi_01.pdf
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2019_07_Bigi_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Tavole di progetto
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148318