Since it has become accessible, the space has been exploited for many different purposes for the humankind. The space industry is arguably the one which had the fastest technological development from the sixties up to now when the missions' products affect constantly the everyday life under many aspects from the connectivity to the mobility. However, the space offers much more opportunities. Among the many, it can be used to support the humankind in its evolution towards generalised better life conditions safeguarding the natural environment and its resources. In this context, the United Nations have developed a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 which deeply rely on the data from space to guide their planning and evolution. Starting from the missions' specifics and performance, this thesis defines quantitatively the support that a space mission can offer to the sustainable development goals. Based on this result, a method to assess univocally the social value of the Earth observation missions in low Earth orbits is developed. The eight offered services by the remote sensing missions here considered are of mapping, disaster monitoring - surveillance, forestry, agriculture, geology, oceanography, hydrology, meteorology. Their requirements are compared with the missions' performance according to four categories, with relative indices that are the space and time resolutions, the spectral efficiency and the Earth surface coverage. Another set of four indices have been developed to address the missions' quality in terms of the ground station visibility, the orbit maintenance effort, the orbit occupation and the space environment degradation due to debris. They do not relate to the social value computation but focus on the mission environment quality. At the end of the thesis, the defined method to assess univocally and quantitatively the social value of a remote sensing space mission in low Earth orbit is applied to a set of operative missions. Some qualitative conclusions are drawn about the relations between the missions' performance and the services' requirements, about the support to the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 and about the social value assessment.
Sin da quando l'umanità è riuscita ad accedervi, lo spazio è stato utilizzato per molti e vari scopi. Oltre ai servizi più sfruttati come la geolocalizzazione e le telecomunicazioni, i dati satellitari possono anche supportare l'umanità nel suo sviluppo futuro verso migliori condizioni di vita a livello globale salvaguardando e proteggendo l'ambiente e le risorse naturali. Per questo obiettivo, l'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite ha sviluppato 17 Sustainable Development Goals che fanno anche affidamento sulle informazioni provenienti dai satelliti in orbita per guidare e monitorare il processo verso il loro raggiungimento. Partendo dalle specifiche e dalle prestazioni delle missioni e dei loro payload, passando attraverso i servizi offerti e i loro requisiti, in questa tesi si arriva a definire quantitativamente il livello di supporto che una missione spaziale è in grado di offrire ai Sustainable Development Goals. Basandosi su questo, viene definito un metodo quantitativo per valutare l'effettivo valore sociale delle missioni di osservazione della Terra in orbita bassa. Gli otto servizi considerati sono mappatura, monitoraggio delle calamità, silvicoltura, agricoltura, geologia, oceanografia, idrologia e meteorologia. La connessione tra prestazioni e servizi è basata su quattro indici che analizzano la risoluzione spaziale e temporale, l'efficienza spettrale e la copertura della superficie terrestre. Altri quattro indici sono stati sviluppati per valutare la qualità di una missione in termini di accesso alle stazioni a terra, costo del mantenimento d'orbita, affollamento dell'orbita ed effetti dovuto ai detriti. Alla fine della tesi, il metodo per valutare il valore sociale delle missioni spaziali per l'osservazione della terra in orbita bassa viene usato paer analizzare alcune missioni fornendo un esempio applicativo. Basandosi sui risultati ottenuti, alcune conclusioni vengono tratte riguardo la relazione tre prestazioni e servizi, il supporto ai Sustainable Development Goals e la valutazione del valore sociale.
Social value rating of earth remote sensing missions through the United Nations sustainable development goals 2030
SCALERA, MARCELLO
2018/2019
Abstract
Since it has become accessible, the space has been exploited for many different purposes for the humankind. The space industry is arguably the one which had the fastest technological development from the sixties up to now when the missions' products affect constantly the everyday life under many aspects from the connectivity to the mobility. However, the space offers much more opportunities. Among the many, it can be used to support the humankind in its evolution towards generalised better life conditions safeguarding the natural environment and its resources. In this context, the United Nations have developed a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 which deeply rely on the data from space to guide their planning and evolution. Starting from the missions' specifics and performance, this thesis defines quantitatively the support that a space mission can offer to the sustainable development goals. Based on this result, a method to assess univocally the social value of the Earth observation missions in low Earth orbits is developed. The eight offered services by the remote sensing missions here considered are of mapping, disaster monitoring - surveillance, forestry, agriculture, geology, oceanography, hydrology, meteorology. Their requirements are compared with the missions' performance according to four categories, with relative indices that are the space and time resolutions, the spectral efficiency and the Earth surface coverage. Another set of four indices have been developed to address the missions' quality in terms of the ground station visibility, the orbit maintenance effort, the orbit occupation and the space environment degradation due to debris. They do not relate to the social value computation but focus on the mission environment quality. At the end of the thesis, the defined method to assess univocally and quantitatively the social value of a remote sensing space mission in low Earth orbit is applied to a set of operative missions. Some qualitative conclusions are drawn about the relations between the missions' performance and the services' requirements, about the support to the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 and about the social value assessment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2019_07_Scalera.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148384