In the after-treatment unit of exhaust gases of coal fired power plants, NOx and Hg are mainly removed by means of NH3-SCR reactor unit over V/Mo/Ti catalysts. Elemental mercury is highly toxic and difficult to capture in the flue gas downstream to boiler due to high volatility and low water solubility. However, Hg0 is converted through oxychlorination to HgCl2 in the presence of HCl over V-based catalyst and it was found to be highly sensitive to low HCl concentration at high temperature and weakly dependent on O2 concentration. Koeser et al.(2013) investigated the so-called Hg0 oxidation under DeNOx active conditions and the conversion evidenced common features with DeNOx reaction, as well as NH3 inhibiting effect and NO+O2 dependence recently from Beretta et al (2019), suggesting that Hg0 oxychlorination is a redox cycle. In this thesis work, since little attention was given to the interaction between Hg0 oxychlorination and DeNOx reactants, a complete experimental campaign to study the impact of NO co-feed and NH3 co-feed over a commercial slabs V/Mo/Ti based catalyst was addressed. Low temperature effect evidenced similar feature with NH3-SCR, such as a promoting effect with NO co-feed and inhibiting effect of NH3. Surprisingly, it was found negative contribution co-feed at high temperature. Data were quantified with a 1D heterogenous reactor model: NO promoting effect was described by incorporating the similar re-oxidation step as Beretta et al (2019) suggested, while NH3 effect was described with a spill-over effect of Cl-sites. Low temperature effect was supported by NH3-TPD experiments over catalysts doped with HCl and FT-IR operando experiments to observe the effect of HCl with surface. Finally, the possibility that at the higher Temperature the presence of DeNOx reactants can reduce the availability of oxidized sites for oxychlorination was examined in a packed bed reactor by means of NH3-SCR activity tests over pre-oxidized and pre-reduced catalyst.
Nelle unità NH3-SCR di post-trattamento delle centrali a carbone, gli NOx ed il mercurio sono rimossi attraverso catalizzatori ternari a base di V/Mo(W)/Ti. Il mercurio elementare è una specie altamente tossica e difficile da rimuovere attraverso tali unità a causa dell’alta volatilità e bassa solubilità in acqua. Tuttavia, Hg° viene convertito in HgCl2 tramite un’ossiclorurazione in presenza di HCl attraverso catalizzatori a base di Vanadio: la reazione è termodinamicamente favorita, ma è altamente sensitiva alle basse concentrazioni di HCl alle alte temperature ed alle basse concentrazioni di O2. Koeser et al.(2013) hanno studiato la reazione di ossiclorurazione di Hg° in presenza della reazione DeNOx, evidenziando caratteristiche comuni alla reazione redox (V+5 to V+4) quali l’effetto inibitorio di NH3 ed effetto promotore di NO+O2 recentemente investigato da Beretta et al.(2019). Ciò mette in luce che l’ossiclorurazione di Hg° possa essere una reazione redox. In questo lavoro di tesi, data la scarsa attenzione sull’interazione tra reagenti DeNOx ed ossiclorurazione di Hg° sono state studiate le influenze dei cofeed di NO ed NH3 su catalizzatori slab commerciali a base di V/Mo/Ti. Il campo delle basse temperature ha evidenziato caratteristiche simili alla reazione NH3-SCR: effetto promotore di NO ed effetto inibitore di NH3. Sorprendentemente la conversione nel campo delle alte temperature subisce un trend negativo. I dati sperimentali sono stati quantificati tramite un modello di reattore eterogeneo 1D+1D: l’effetto promotore di NO viene descritto incorporando l’espressione simile già introdotta da Beretta et al(2019), l’effetto di NH3 viene invece descritto tramite lo spillover di un sito ossiclorurato. L’evidenze sperimentali di bassa temperatura sono state supportate da esperimenti di NH3-TPD su catalizzatori in polvere e da esperimenti FTIR operando per osservare l’interazione di NO ed NH3 sulla superficie del catalizzatore. Infine, la possibilità che alle alte temperature la presenza dei reagenti DeNOx possa ridurre la concentrazione dei siti ossidati disposibili per l’ossiclorurazione, è stata esaminata in un reattore a letto impaccato tramite test di attività di NH3-SCR su catalizzatori preossidati e preridotti.
Kinetic study of mercury oxychlorination over V2O5/MoO3/TiO2 catalyst : effect of HCl, NO and NH3
MIKAYILOV, ELSEVAR;NURI, TALEH
2018/2019
Abstract
In the after-treatment unit of exhaust gases of coal fired power plants, NOx and Hg are mainly removed by means of NH3-SCR reactor unit over V/Mo/Ti catalysts. Elemental mercury is highly toxic and difficult to capture in the flue gas downstream to boiler due to high volatility and low water solubility. However, Hg0 is converted through oxychlorination to HgCl2 in the presence of HCl over V-based catalyst and it was found to be highly sensitive to low HCl concentration at high temperature and weakly dependent on O2 concentration. Koeser et al.(2013) investigated the so-called Hg0 oxidation under DeNOx active conditions and the conversion evidenced common features with DeNOx reaction, as well as NH3 inhibiting effect and NO+O2 dependence recently from Beretta et al (2019), suggesting that Hg0 oxychlorination is a redox cycle. In this thesis work, since little attention was given to the interaction between Hg0 oxychlorination and DeNOx reactants, a complete experimental campaign to study the impact of NO co-feed and NH3 co-feed over a commercial slabs V/Mo/Ti based catalyst was addressed. Low temperature effect evidenced similar feature with NH3-SCR, such as a promoting effect with NO co-feed and inhibiting effect of NH3. Surprisingly, it was found negative contribution co-feed at high temperature. Data were quantified with a 1D heterogenous reactor model: NO promoting effect was described by incorporating the similar re-oxidation step as Beretta et al (2019) suggested, while NH3 effect was described with a spill-over effect of Cl-sites. Low temperature effect was supported by NH3-TPD experiments over catalysts doped with HCl and FT-IR operando experiments to observe the effect of HCl with surface. Finally, the possibility that at the higher Temperature the presence of DeNOx reactants can reduce the availability of oxidized sites for oxychlorination was examined in a packed bed reactor by means of NH3-SCR activity tests over pre-oxidized and pre-reduced catalyst.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Nuri&Mikayilov-Thesis of MSc.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148411