Exhaust of vehicles is recognized to contribute significantly to the air pollution. In particular, cold-start emissions significantly contribute to total vehicular pollutant emissions. Therefore, studies are mainly focused on catalytic aftertreatment systems that can mitigate CO, UBHC and NOx emissions at low temperatures. NOx emission control is a relevant issue for the automotive industry. NOx are routinely converted by means of NSR and SCR systems, however the catalytic conversion is effective only for temperature above 200°C, so It is of great interest to find and develop materials able to store NOx at low temperatures and to release them at temperatures higher than 200°C, in order to be treated by DeNOx systems placed downstream. These materials are called Passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs). Alumina and ceria materials doped with a noble metal (Pt, Pd) have been previously studied, but more recently different types of zeolites promoted with a noble metal, especially with Palladium. This thesis work copes with the reactivity study of two systems of zeolites (FER and SSZ-13), promoted with Palladium, able to work as PNA. In particular, one wants to analyze the surface of the catalyst by means of the FT- IR Spectroscopy in Operando, that is to perform a qualitative analysis of species that form on the catalyst and that are involved in the adsorption of NOx. Moreover, the thermal stability of adsorbed species is investigated.
Le emissioni dei mezzi di trasporto con motore a combustione interna sono riconosciute contribuire in modo significativo all’inquinamento atmosferico. In particolare, un ruolo fondamentale è giocato dalle emissioni durante la partenza a freddo che costituiscono una larga percentuale delle emissioni totali prodotte dagli autoveicoli. Per questo motivo, gli studi sono stati concentrati su sistemi catalitici di post-trattamento in grado di mitigare le emissioni prodotte a basse temperature di CO, UBHC e NOx. In particolare, il controllo delle emissioni degli NOx dai motori Diesel è un problema consistente. Gli NOx vengono normalmente convertiti tramite sistemi NSR e SCR, tuttavia la conversione catalitica è efficiente solo a temperature superiori a 200°C, quindi è di grande interesse trovare e sviluppare dei materiali capaci di immagazzinare gli NOx a basse temperature e di rilasciarli a temperature maggiori di 200°C per essere trattati nei sistemi deNOx a valle. Questi materiali sono noti come Passive NOx Adsorbers (PNAs). Materiali come allumina e ceria dopati con un metallo nobile (Pt, Pd) sono stati precedentemente studiati, ma più recentemente sono stati studiati diversi tipi di zeoliti promosse da un metallo nobile, in particolare dal Palladio. Questo lavoro di tesi si occupa dello studio di due sistemi di zeoliti (FER e SSZ-13) promosse da Palladio, capaci di lavorare come PNA. In particolare, si vuole analizzare la superficie del catalizzatore attraverso la spettroscopia in Operando a raggio infrarosso (FT-IR), cioè effettuare un’analisi qualitativa delle specie che si formano sul catalizzatore e che sono coinvolte nell’adsorbimento degli NOx. Inoltre, la stabilità termica delle specie adsorbite è stata investigata.
Spectroscopic FT-IR analysis under Operando conditions of Pd/FER and Pd/SSZ-13 low temperature NOx adsorbers
LANZA, SILVIA;GRECO, LUCIA
2018/2019
Abstract
Exhaust of vehicles is recognized to contribute significantly to the air pollution. In particular, cold-start emissions significantly contribute to total vehicular pollutant emissions. Therefore, studies are mainly focused on catalytic aftertreatment systems that can mitigate CO, UBHC and NOx emissions at low temperatures. NOx emission control is a relevant issue for the automotive industry. NOx are routinely converted by means of NSR and SCR systems, however the catalytic conversion is effective only for temperature above 200°C, so It is of great interest to find and develop materials able to store NOx at low temperatures and to release them at temperatures higher than 200°C, in order to be treated by DeNOx systems placed downstream. These materials are called Passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs). Alumina and ceria materials doped with a noble metal (Pt, Pd) have been previously studied, but more recently different types of zeolites promoted with a noble metal, especially with Palladium. This thesis work copes with the reactivity study of two systems of zeolites (FER and SSZ-13), promoted with Palladium, able to work as PNA. In particular, one wants to analyze the surface of the catalyst by means of the FT- IR Spectroscopy in Operando, that is to perform a qualitative analysis of species that form on the catalyst and that are involved in the adsorption of NOx. Moreover, the thermal stability of adsorbed species is investigated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148412