This research emphasizes the importance of integrating edible trees into urban open spaces. Trees are an essential component to enable a sustainable and healthy urban environment. The benefits of conventional trees are well-known and recognized with regard to their positive impact on local climate, air quality, carbon storage, scenic quality, the increase in property value, or the psycho-physical human well-being. However, other benefits relating to the utilization and biodiversity of urban trees are less studied. In recent years, there has been a demand to ensure that urban open spaces are scrutinized for the potential to provide spaces and opportunities for growing edible plants in cities. Edible trees are valuable assets for promoting access to local food, food education, the enhancement of urban biodiversity and the growth of urban green spaces (forest). Edible trees have the versatility to adapt to various ecological, social and economic contexts. Still, the provision of urban edible trees within public spaces remains fragmented, infrequent and poorly integrated within the wider urban environment. Edible trees are perceived as elements that create particular challenges within an urban context, both for their complexity and their difficulty to set in. However, despite such challenges, several cities are exploring the feasibility to increase and integrate edible trees in the urban environment. The new approaches towards the multifunctionality of urban open spaces are changing the composition and structure of urban open spaces in crucial ways. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to investigate the possible ways for integrating edible trees in urban open spaces. The overall objective of the research was to analyze the governance modules relating to the process for (re) integrating edible trees into urban open spaces and the use of community stewardship. It also tried to identify and assess the approach (es) used to integrate edible trees into urban open spaces, and to understand how these new waves of initiatives for such integration started to be advertised and required by governmental and non-governmental initiatives. Moreover, it explored the role of the different stakeholders involved, their contribution and their interaction mechanisms. It also analyzed multiple literature case studies supporting the integration of edible trees into urban open spaces and in particular two empirical case studies, namely Berlin and London. This allowed to evaluate the potential impact of the decisions taken by governmental and non-governmental stakeholders that determine the integration of edible trees in the planning and policy arena. For this purpose, the Ph.D. student designed a toolkit called “IETC - Integrating Edible Trees in Cities,” aimed at supporting a better integration of edible trees into an urban context. IETC provides step-by-step guidelines on the integration of edible trees into urban open spaces. It includes the legislative and non-legislative dimension of integration, the organizational / management dimension, and the planning/design dimension.
La presente ricerca sottolinea l’importanza di inserire alberi commestibili negli spazi aperti urbani. Gli alberi sono un elemento essenziale per la realizzazione di un ambiente urbano sostenibile e salutare. I benefici degli alberi convenzionali sono ben studiati e riconosciuti, per quanto riguarda gli effetti positivi sul clima locale, sulla qualità dell’aria, sullo stoccaggio del carbonio, sulla qualità del paesaggio, sull’accrescimento del valore degli immobili e sul benessere psico-fisico dell’uomo. Tuttavia, altri vantaggi degli alberi urbani relativi all’utilizzo e alla biodiversità sono molto meno studiati. Negli ultimi anni è nata la necessità di garantire l’analisi degli spazi aperti urbani in relazione alla possibilità di fornire spazi e opportunità per la crescita di piante commestibili nelle città. Gli alberi commestibili sono strumenti preziosi per la promozione dell’accesso ai cibi locali e dell’educazione alimentare, per la valorizzazione della biodiversità urbana e della crescita di spazi verdi urbani (boschi). Gli alberi commestibili dispongono della versatilità necessaria per adattarsi a vari contesti ecologici, sociali ed economici. Tuttavia, la diffusione di alberi commestibili urbani negli spazi pubblici presenta ancora una certa frammentazione, tali alberi sono rari e scarsamente integrati all’interno dell’ambiente urbano generale. Gli alberi commestibili sono ritenuti problematici nel contesto urbano, sia per la loro complessità che per la difficoltà di attecchimento. Nonostante tali sfide, diverse città stanno studiando la fattibilità di incrementare e inserire piante commestibili nell’ambiente urbano. I nuovi approcci alla multifunzionalità degli spazi aperti urbani stanno cambiando in modo decisivo la composizione e la struttura di tali spazi. La presente tesi di dottorato intende esaminare le possibili soluzioni di inserimento di alberi commestibili negli spazi aperti urbani. L’obiettivo generale della ricerca è analizzare i modelli di governance del processo di (re)inserimento di alberi commestibili negli spazi aperti urbani e il ricorso alla gestione collettiva, nonché elaborare e valutare gli approcci usati per inserire tali alberi negli spazi aperti urbani. La tesi di ricerca mira a comprendere come è nata la richiesta di queste nuove iniziative di inserimento di alberi commestibili da parte di enti governativi e non governativi, esplorando anche il ruolo dei diversi soggetti interessati, il loro contributo e i loro meccanismi di interazione. L’inserimento di alberi commestibili negli spazi aperti urbani sarà supportato dall’esame di numerosi casi di studio in letteratura e da due casi empirici, cioè Berlino e Londra. Tale analisi permetterà la valutazione degli effetti potenziali dei soggetti governativi e non governativi, nonché delle decisioni che determinano l’inserimento di alberi commestibili nelle questioni di pianificazione e politica. A tal fine, è stato proposto un toolkit chiamato “IETC – Integrating edible trees in cities”, progettato dal dottorando per una migliore integrazione degli alberi commestibili nel contesto urbano. Lo IETC è una guida in varie tappe a supporto dell’inserimento delle piante commestibili negli spazi aperti urbani, comprendente l’aspetto legislativo e non legislativo, l’aspetto organizzativo e gestionale e l’aspetto di pianificazione e progettazione.
Trees in urban open spaces:(Re) Integration of edible trees in the urban environment
HAJZERI, ARLINDA
Abstract
This research emphasizes the importance of integrating edible trees into urban open spaces. Trees are an essential component to enable a sustainable and healthy urban environment. The benefits of conventional trees are well-known and recognized with regard to their positive impact on local climate, air quality, carbon storage, scenic quality, the increase in property value, or the psycho-physical human well-being. However, other benefits relating to the utilization and biodiversity of urban trees are less studied. In recent years, there has been a demand to ensure that urban open spaces are scrutinized for the potential to provide spaces and opportunities for growing edible plants in cities. Edible trees are valuable assets for promoting access to local food, food education, the enhancement of urban biodiversity and the growth of urban green spaces (forest). Edible trees have the versatility to adapt to various ecological, social and economic contexts. Still, the provision of urban edible trees within public spaces remains fragmented, infrequent and poorly integrated within the wider urban environment. Edible trees are perceived as elements that create particular challenges within an urban context, both for their complexity and their difficulty to set in. However, despite such challenges, several cities are exploring the feasibility to increase and integrate edible trees in the urban environment. The new approaches towards the multifunctionality of urban open spaces are changing the composition and structure of urban open spaces in crucial ways. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to investigate the possible ways for integrating edible trees in urban open spaces. The overall objective of the research was to analyze the governance modules relating to the process for (re) integrating edible trees into urban open spaces and the use of community stewardship. It also tried to identify and assess the approach (es) used to integrate edible trees into urban open spaces, and to understand how these new waves of initiatives for such integration started to be advertised and required by governmental and non-governmental initiatives. Moreover, it explored the role of the different stakeholders involved, their contribution and their interaction mechanisms. It also analyzed multiple literature case studies supporting the integration of edible trees into urban open spaces and in particular two empirical case studies, namely Berlin and London. This allowed to evaluate the potential impact of the decisions taken by governmental and non-governmental stakeholders that determine the integration of edible trees in the planning and policy arena. For this purpose, the Ph.D. student designed a toolkit called “IETC - Integrating Edible Trees in Cities,” aimed at supporting a better integration of edible trees into an urban context. IETC provides step-by-step guidelines on the integration of edible trees into urban open spaces. It includes the legislative and non-legislative dimension of integration, the organizational / management dimension, and the planning/design dimension.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148416