Multinational enterprises have started to emerge with industrialization process at the end of 19th and in the first half of 20th century. In this first stage, the enterprises followed the path of expanding their market in other countries just for sales activities. Therefore, the aim was to increase their sales and earn more profit. After Second World War, this process has changed. Multinational enterprises started to seek foreign direct investment opportunities not only to reach sales channels but also other reasons such as being close to the raw material, using low cost labor force in the other countries, gaining advantages on specific factor in the competition etc. In this phase, multinational enterprises founded manufacturing plants abroad, moved some of their resources to the host country, etc. At the last quarter of 20th century, multinational enterprises started to also move some strategic resources such as technology, management and innovation skills, etc. With this view, instead of investing in their home country, they became completely international and they invested in the areas/countries where they get benefit from. In this report, firstly, foreign direct investments are researched. As commonly agreed, foreign direct investments are the transfer of resources to other countries by individuals and organizations to get profit. Then short historical overview has been done. After that, types of foreign direct investment are discussed. The last point about foreign direct investment is the theories behind it. Following the foreign direct investments part, multinational enterprises has been searched in the literature. The development process and specialties of multinational enterprises have been summarized. Then, the relationship between multinational enterprises and human resource management, globalization and economy has been analyzed. The part before the last one is the overview of the foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises in the world. Global foreign direct investment inflows and outflows are also examined in this part. Lastly, the impacts of the foreign direct investments and multinational enterprises are analyzed. This part is explained under 3 topics: development and economic growth, export and trade and technology transfer and productivity.
Le imprese multinazionali hanno iniziato a emergere con il processo di industrializzazione alla fine del 19 ° e nella prima metà del 20 ° secolo. In questa prima fase, le imprese hanno seguito il percorso di espansione del proprio mercato in altri paesi solo per le attività di vendita. Pertanto, l'obiettivo era aumentare le vendite e guadagnare più profitti. Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, questo processo è cambiato. Le imprese multinazionali hanno iniziato a cercare opportunità di investimento diretto all'estero non solo per raggiungere i canali di vendita ma anche altri motivi come la vicinanza alla materia prima, l'utilizzo di manodopera a basso costo negli altri paesi, l'ottenimento di vantaggi su fattori specifici della concorrenza, ecc. fase, le imprese multinazionali hanno fondato impianti di produzione all'estero, trasferito parte delle loro risorse nel paese ospitante, ecc. Nell'ultimo trimestre del 20 ° secolo, le imprese multinazionali hanno iniziato a spostare anche alcune risorse strategiche come la tecnologia, la gestione e le capacità di innovazione, ecc. Con questa prospettiva, invece di investire nel loro paese, sono diventati completamente internazionali e hanno investito nelle aree / paesi da cui traggono beneficio. In questo rapporto, in primo luogo, vengono studiati gli investimenti esteri diretti. Come comunemente concordato, gli investimenti esteri diretti sono il trasferimento di risorse ad altri paesi da parte di individui e organizzazioni per ottenere profitto. Quindi è stata fatta una breve panoramica storica. Successivamente, vengono discussi i tipi di investimenti diretti esteri. L'ultimo punto sugli investimenti esteri diretti sono le teorie dietro di esso. Seguendo la parte degli investimenti diretti esteri, sono state cercate le imprese multinazionali in letteratura. Il processo di sviluppo e le specialità delle imprese multinazionali sono stati riassunti. Quindi, è stata analizzata la relazione tra imprese multinazionali e gestione delle risorse umane, globalizzazione ed economia. La parte che precede l'ultima è la panoramica degli investimenti esteri diretti e delle imprese multinazionali nel mondo. In questa parte vengono esaminati anche gli afflussi e i deflussi di investimenti diretti esteri globali. Infine, vengono analizzati gli impatti degli investimenti diretti esteri e delle imprese multinazionali. Questa parte è spiegata in 3 argomenti di sviluppo e crescita economica, esportazione e commercio e trasferimento tecnologico e produttività.
Multinational enterprises and their impacts on the host country
CEYHAN, MEHMET
2018/2019
Abstract
Multinational enterprises have started to emerge with industrialization process at the end of 19th and in the first half of 20th century. In this first stage, the enterprises followed the path of expanding their market in other countries just for sales activities. Therefore, the aim was to increase their sales and earn more profit. After Second World War, this process has changed. Multinational enterprises started to seek foreign direct investment opportunities not only to reach sales channels but also other reasons such as being close to the raw material, using low cost labor force in the other countries, gaining advantages on specific factor in the competition etc. In this phase, multinational enterprises founded manufacturing plants abroad, moved some of their resources to the host country, etc. At the last quarter of 20th century, multinational enterprises started to also move some strategic resources such as technology, management and innovation skills, etc. With this view, instead of investing in their home country, they became completely international and they invested in the areas/countries where they get benefit from. In this report, firstly, foreign direct investments are researched. As commonly agreed, foreign direct investments are the transfer of resources to other countries by individuals and organizations to get profit. Then short historical overview has been done. After that, types of foreign direct investment are discussed. The last point about foreign direct investment is the theories behind it. Following the foreign direct investments part, multinational enterprises has been searched in the literature. The development process and specialties of multinational enterprises have been summarized. Then, the relationship between multinational enterprises and human resource management, globalization and economy has been analyzed. The part before the last one is the overview of the foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises in the world. Global foreign direct investment inflows and outflows are also examined in this part. Lastly, the impacts of the foreign direct investments and multinational enterprises are analyzed. This part is explained under 3 topics: development and economic growth, export and trade and technology transfer and productivity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148685