Supporting structures were designed for a utility tunnel in hard rock which was to be intersected by some road tunnels. With the intersections involving partial overlapping between the ideal cross-sections, a concrete lining and post-tensioned steel cables were added to support the utility tunnel prior to the excavation of the road tunnels. The objectives in this work were to identify the structural behaviour of the system, assess the present state of the supporting structures and suggest an effective monitoring strategy. Preliminary information was collected from the original drawings, technical specifications as well as from site visits. Using the finite elements software Comsol Multiphysics, suitable models were built to represent the tunnel intersections and to test hypotheses. The significant uncertainties in the problem were addressed by studying limit cases and discussing their results. A measure of validation was gained from comparing cracks in concrete on site with cracking hotspots predicted by the model. It was concluded that the behaviour of the lining is not compatible with that of cable suspended structures and that concrete is subject to relatively high state of stress. Monitoring cable forces was found to be an ineffective strategy for identifying changes in the structural system. Monitoring the evolution of cracks in concrete was found to be the most feasible strategy.
Nel corso degli anni ’60, delle strutture di supporto furono progettate per un tunnel di servizio scavato in roccia che doveva essere intersecato da alcuni tunnel stradali. Prevedendo una parziale sovrapposizione fra le sezioni trasversali dei tunnel, un rivestimento in calcestruzzo armato sostenuto da cavi in acciaio post-tesi fu posto in opera prima che i tunnel stradali fossero scavati. Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di caratterizzare il comportamento strutturale del sistema, di valutare lo stato di sforzo delle strutture di sostegno e di suggerire una strategia di monitoraggio. Informazioni sull’opera sono state raccolte dai disegni tecnici originali, dalle prescrizioni tecniche del progetto e da visite in situ. Modelli rappresentativi delle intersezioni fra tunnel sono stati realizzati utilizzando il pacchetto ad elementi finiti Comsol Multiphysics. Le rilevanti incertezze relative al problema sono state affrontate mediante lo studio di casi limite e l’analisi critica dei loro risultati. Una misura di convalida per i modelli è stata ottenuta indentificando crepe nel rivestimento in calcestruzzo e confrontandone la posizione con le ‘hotspots’ previste dai modelli. Si è concluso che il comportamento del rivestimento in calcestruzzo armato non è compatibile con quello di una struttura sospesa a cavi e che la struttura è soggetta ad uno stato di sforzo relativamente elevato. Si è dimostrato che il monitoraggio dei cavi in acciaio sarebbe incapace di cogliere variazioni nel sistema strutturale. Lo studio dell’evoluzione delle crepe nel calcestruzzo è stato identificato come la strategia di monitoraggio più efficace.
Structural health monitoring of a concrete tunnel lining under complex in situ loading
DALLA ROSA, LEONARDO
2018/2019
Abstract
Supporting structures were designed for a utility tunnel in hard rock which was to be intersected by some road tunnels. With the intersections involving partial overlapping between the ideal cross-sections, a concrete lining and post-tensioned steel cables were added to support the utility tunnel prior to the excavation of the road tunnels. The objectives in this work were to identify the structural behaviour of the system, assess the present state of the supporting structures and suggest an effective monitoring strategy. Preliminary information was collected from the original drawings, technical specifications as well as from site visits. Using the finite elements software Comsol Multiphysics, suitable models were built to represent the tunnel intersections and to test hypotheses. The significant uncertainties in the problem were addressed by studying limit cases and discussing their results. A measure of validation was gained from comparing cracks in concrete on site with cracking hotspots predicted by the model. It was concluded that the behaviour of the lining is not compatible with that of cable suspended structures and that concrete is subject to relatively high state of stress. Monitoring cable forces was found to be an ineffective strategy for identifying changes in the structural system. Monitoring the evolution of cracks in concrete was found to be the most feasible strategy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148742