Germany is currently on the verge of undergoing a major shift from conventional fossil fuel and nuclear power plants in favor of renewable power production which can only be successful if there is parallel enhancement in the framework to reinforce a very different kind of energy system. In the federal state Lower Saxony (ND) situated in northwestern Germany, which accounts for a big share in renewable energy, the currently installed capacity of distributed onshore wind energy is 11,335.959 Mw with a total of 6,657 operational wind turbines. However the distribution network is not able to deal with fluctuating wind energy during peak wind speed hours. At the moment, this causes network bottlenecks or congestions and requires corrective measures such as Einspeisemanagement (Feed-in management) and Re-dispatchment to tackle the problem when encountered. Focus on only feed-in management was taken into account for the year 2018. Einspeisemanagement (Feed-in management) is a specially regulated grid security measure to relieve bottle necks by respective grid operators. As a compensation hundreds and millions of euros are paid by distribution operators to the producers every year due to the under developed grid and if the situation persists this cost is likely to see a rise of 1 billion euros for feed-in management and re-dispatch every year. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate at which voltage level and at which grid nodes in Lower Saxony feed-in management was used frequently for on-shore wind farms. For this purpose, the publications of the grid operators regarding feed-in management was used. Based on this, three suitable substations were selected for different operating voltage levels considering the longest intervals of feed-in management durations over a year. Analyzing the reduction of regulated wind energy due to feed-in management the necessary storage power and capacity needed to completely store the yield losses was calculated. After estimation of storage capacity, storage cycles, utilization time and efficiencies were incorporated. A brief economic analysis showed that adoption of storage for storing energy lost as a result of feed-in management has few short term economic benefits, considering the cost of available technology and the achievement of breakeven point. But the storages can we used in future for other RES that might be attached to the grid at the selected grid nodes as grid security feature.
La Germania è attualmente sul punto di subire un cambiamento sostanziale dai combustibili fossili convenzionali e dalle centrali nucleari a favore della produzione di energia rinnovabile che può avere successo solo se esiste un parallelo miglioramento nel quadro per rafforzare un tipo di sistema energetico molto diverso. Nello stato federale della Bassa Sassonia (ND), situato nella Germania nordoccidentale, che rappresenta una grande quota di energia rinnovabile, la capacità installata attuale di energia eolica distribuita è di 11.335.959 Mw con un totale di 6.657 turbine eoliche operative. Tuttavia, la rete di distribuzione non è in grado di gestire l'energia eolica fluttuante durante le ore di massima velocità del vento. Al momento, ciò causa colli di bottiglia o congestioni della rete e richiede misure correttive come l'Einspeisemanagement (gestione del feed-in) e il Re-dispatchment per affrontare il problema una volta incontrati. Il focus sulla sola gestione del feed-in è stato preso in considerazione per l'anno 2018. Einspeisemanagement (gestione del feed-in) è una misura di sicurezza della rete appositamente regolamentata per alleggerire il collo della bottiglia dai rispettivi operatori di rete. A titolo di compensazione, centinaia di milioni di euro vengono pagati dagli operatori di distribuzione ai produttori ogni anno a causa della rete sottosviluppata e, se la situazione persiste, è probabile che il costo aumenti di 1 miliardo di euro per la gestione e la rispedizione dei feed-in ogni anno. Lo scopo di questa tesi era di indagare a quale livello di tensione e in quale nodo della rete nella gestione del feed-in della Bassa Sassonia è stato usato frequentemente per i parchi eolici on-shore. A tale scopo sono state utilizzate le pubblicazioni degli operatori di rete per la gestione del feed-in. In base a questo, sono state selezionate tre sottostazioni idonee per diversi livelli di tensione operativa, considerando gli intervalli più lunghi di durata della gestione di immissione in un anno. Analizzando la riduzione dell'energia eolica regolamentata dovuta alla gestione del feed-in, è stata calcolata la potenza di stoccaggio necessaria e la capacità necessaria per archiviare completamente le perdite di rendimento. Dopo la stima della capacità di stoccaggio, sono stati incorporati i cicli di stoccaggio, i tempi di utilizzo e l'efficienza. Una breve analisi economica ha mostrato che l'adozione dello stoccaggio per lo stoccaggio di energia persa a seguito della gestione del feed-in ha pochi vantaggi economici a breve termine, considerando il costo della tecnologia disponibile e il raggiungimento del punto di pareggio. Ma i depositi possono essere utilizzati in futuro per altri RES che potrebbero essere collegati alla griglia nei nodi della griglia selezionati come funzionalità di sicurezza della rete.
Assessment of required storage capacity for storing regulated onshore wind energy resulting from feed-in management in Lower Saxony
RASHID, MUHAMMAD UMER
2018/2019
Abstract
Germany is currently on the verge of undergoing a major shift from conventional fossil fuel and nuclear power plants in favor of renewable power production which can only be successful if there is parallel enhancement in the framework to reinforce a very different kind of energy system. In the federal state Lower Saxony (ND) situated in northwestern Germany, which accounts for a big share in renewable energy, the currently installed capacity of distributed onshore wind energy is 11,335.959 Mw with a total of 6,657 operational wind turbines. However the distribution network is not able to deal with fluctuating wind energy during peak wind speed hours. At the moment, this causes network bottlenecks or congestions and requires corrective measures such as Einspeisemanagement (Feed-in management) and Re-dispatchment to tackle the problem when encountered. Focus on only feed-in management was taken into account for the year 2018. Einspeisemanagement (Feed-in management) is a specially regulated grid security measure to relieve bottle necks by respective grid operators. As a compensation hundreds and millions of euros are paid by distribution operators to the producers every year due to the under developed grid and if the situation persists this cost is likely to see a rise of 1 billion euros for feed-in management and re-dispatch every year. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate at which voltage level and at which grid nodes in Lower Saxony feed-in management was used frequently for on-shore wind farms. For this purpose, the publications of the grid operators regarding feed-in management was used. Based on this, three suitable substations were selected for different operating voltage levels considering the longest intervals of feed-in management durations over a year. Analyzing the reduction of regulated wind energy due to feed-in management the necessary storage power and capacity needed to completely store the yield losses was calculated. After estimation of storage capacity, storage cycles, utilization time and efficiencies were incorporated. A brief economic analysis showed that adoption of storage for storing energy lost as a result of feed-in management has few short term economic benefits, considering the cost of available technology and the achievement of breakeven point. But the storages can we used in future for other RES that might be attached to the grid at the selected grid nodes as grid security feature.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148817