The strong dependence on fossil fuels has led governments of major nations to reduce dependence on these resources and explore alternative energy sources for several years, a transition also fueled by the growing importance of environmental protection and climate change issues, whose consequences are increasingly visible and concrete. Among the different renewable energy sources and those with a low environmental impact, the energy that can be obtained from biomasses emerges. In particular the conversion through the pyrolysis process has acquired more and more interest thanks to the possibility of converting with high biomass yields of various nature into bio-oil and subsequently into liquid biofuels applicable in the transport sector. Based on these reasons, this study wants to investigate an original biomass pyrolysis process with combined production of bio-oil and bio-char through the exploitation of the solar source. This is achieved by heating the heat transfer solids present inside the fluid bed reactor in a solid particle solar receiver. Following the modeling and analysis of the annual operation of the pyrolysis plant equipped with a solar receiver, we proceeded with the technical-economic analysis aimed at determining the cost of producing the bio-oil. From the analysis it is possible to conclude that due to the reduced size of the considered plant, the final cost of the oil depends more on the fixed costs, related both to the cost of the components installed and to the fixed operating costs. Furthermore, by increasing the solar multiple of the receiver up to a maximum of 3, with the same solid material used, the selling price decreases to a minimum value of approximately 50 € / GJ, almost double the price obtained for the configuration without a receiver. Thanks to the sale of the recovered char, it is nevertheless possible to match the production cost to that obtained for the base plant, making the investment acceptable and therefore interesting the proposed solution.
La forte dipendenza dalle fonti fossili ha spinto già da diversi anni i governi delle principali nazioni a ridurre la dipendenza da queste risorse ed esplorare fonti di energia alternative, transizione alimentata anche dalla crescente importanza delle tematiche relative alla salvaguardia dell'ambiente e ai cambiamenti climatici, le cui conseguenze sono sempre più visibili e concrete. Fra le differenti fonti energetiche rinnovabili ed a basso impatto ambientale emerge l’energia ottenibile dalle biomasse. In particolare, la conversione tramite processo di pirolisi ha acquisito sempre più interesse grazie alla possibilità di convertire con elevate rese biomasse di varia natura in bio-olio e successivamente in biocombustibili liquidi applicabili nel settore dei trasporti. Sulla base di queste motivazioni, questo lavoro di Tesi vuole investigare un originale processo di pirolisi di biomassa con produzione combinata di bio-olio e bio-char tramite lo sfruttamento della fonte solare. Ciò è ottenuto scaldando i solidi termovettori presenti all’interno del reattore a letto fluido in un ricevitore solare a particelle solide. A seguito della modellizzazione ed analisi del funzionamento annuale dell’impianto di pirolisi dotato di ricevitore solare, si è proceduti con l’analisi tecnico-economica volta a determinare il costo di produzione del bio-olio. Dall’analisi è possibile concludere che a causa della ridotta taglia dell’impianto considerato, il costo finale dell’olio dipende maggiormente dai costi fissi, relativi sia al costo dei componenti installati sia ai costi operativi fissi. Inoltre, aumentando il multiplo solare del ricevitore fino ad un massimo di 3, a pari materiale solido impiegato, il prezzo di vendita diminuisce fino al valore minimo di circa 50 €/GJ, quasi il doppio del prezzo ottenuto per la configurazione senza ricevitore. Grazie alla vendita del char recuperato è tuttavia possibile uguagliare il costo di produzione a quello ottenuto per l’impianto base, rendendo accettabile l’investimento e quindi interessante la soluzione proposta.
Valutazione di un processo di pirolisi alimentato da ricevitore solare a particelle solide
CASIRAGHI, SIMONE
2018/2019
Abstract
The strong dependence on fossil fuels has led governments of major nations to reduce dependence on these resources and explore alternative energy sources for several years, a transition also fueled by the growing importance of environmental protection and climate change issues, whose consequences are increasingly visible and concrete. Among the different renewable energy sources and those with a low environmental impact, the energy that can be obtained from biomasses emerges. In particular the conversion through the pyrolysis process has acquired more and more interest thanks to the possibility of converting with high biomass yields of various nature into bio-oil and subsequently into liquid biofuels applicable in the transport sector. Based on these reasons, this study wants to investigate an original biomass pyrolysis process with combined production of bio-oil and bio-char through the exploitation of the solar source. This is achieved by heating the heat transfer solids present inside the fluid bed reactor in a solid particle solar receiver. Following the modeling and analysis of the annual operation of the pyrolysis plant equipped with a solar receiver, we proceeded with the technical-economic analysis aimed at determining the cost of producing the bio-oil. From the analysis it is possible to conclude that due to the reduced size of the considered plant, the final cost of the oil depends more on the fixed costs, related both to the cost of the components installed and to the fixed operating costs. Furthermore, by increasing the solar multiple of the receiver up to a maximum of 3, with the same solid material used, the selling price decreases to a minimum value of approximately 50 € / GJ, almost double the price obtained for the configuration without a receiver. Thanks to the sale of the recovered char, it is nevertheless possible to match the production cost to that obtained for the base plant, making the investment acceptable and therefore interesting the proposed solution.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/148824